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. 2023 Nov 11;18:66. doi: 10.1186/s13011-023-00573-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — A Percentage (%) of respondents attempting anabolic–androgenic steroid cessation experiencing anabolic–androgenic steroid induced hypogonadal symptoms. Total n = 284 respondents. B Percentage (%) reported improvement in symptoms with respondents using post-cycle therapy. Data is shown for cravings/urge to restart anabolic–androgenic steroid use (n = 158), withdrawal symptoms (n = 105) and suicidal thoughts (n = 27). Data is presented as median, interquartile range, minimum and maximum. Scale is 10 – 100% with 100% being the maximum improvement