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. 2023 Nov 11;23:271. doi: 10.1186/s12935-023-03095-2

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The continuous movement of gut bacteria-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMA), tryptophan in human hosts from the intestinal mucosa to other extraintestinal sites. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have a central role in the physiology and homeostasis of the body. They are implicated in the pathogenesis of complex inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and cancer