Table 4.
Univariate and Multivariate Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Predictors of DRPs.
| Variables | Category | DRPs | COR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 344) | No (n = 37) | ||||||
| Gender | Male | 167 (48.5%) | 16 (43.2%) | 1 | |||
| Female | 177 (51.5%) | 21 (56.8%) | 0.808 (0.408-1.600) | 0.540 | |||
| Age, years | <65 | 195 (56.7%) | 22 (59.5%) | 1 | |||
| ≥65 | 149 (43.3%) | 15 (40.5%) | 1.121 (0.562-2.234) | 0.746 | |||
| Occupation | Farmer | 37 (10.8%) | 7 (18.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Retirement | 134 (39.0%) | 18 (48.6%) | 1.408 (1.408-3.627) | 0.478 | 0.670 (0.232-1.935) | 0.459 | |
| Housewife | 88 (25.6%) | 6 (16.2%) | 2.775 (0.873-8.817) | 0.084 | 1.305 (0.377-4.514) | 0.674 | |
| Private servant | 45 (13.1%) | 2 (5.4%) | 4.257 (0.834-21.738) | 0.082 | 1.581 (0.282-8.880) | 0.603 | |
| Other | 40 (11.6%) | 4 (10.8%) | 1.892 (0.512-6.993) | 0.339 | 0.992 (0.246-4.000) | 0.991 | |
| Education | Primary school or not graduated | 53 (15.4%) | 8 (21.6%) | 1 | |||
| Junior high school | 119 (34.6%) | 13 (35.1%) | 1.382 (0.541-3.531) | 0.499 | |||
| Senior high school | 140 (40.7%) | 12 (32.4%) | 1.761 (0.682-4.548) | 0.242 | |||
| Bachelor degree or more | 32 (9.3%) | 4 (10.8%) | 1.208 (0.336-4.334) | 0.772 | |||
| Comorbidities | Yes | 314 (91.3%) | 24 (64.9%) | 5.669 (2.620-12.268) | <0.001 | 3.985 (1.597-9.942) | 0.003 |
| No | 30 (8.7%) | 13 (35.1%) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Smoking | Yes | 65 (18.9%) | 4 (10.8%) | 1 | |||
| No | 279 (81.1%) | 33 (89.2%) | 0.520 (0.178-1.520) | 0.232 | |||
| Drink | Yes | 93 (27.0%) | 9 (24.3%) | 1 | |||
| No | 251 (73.0%) | 28 (75.7%) | 0.868 (0.395-1.907) | 0.724 | |||
| Exercising | Yes | 197 (57.3%) | 27 (73.0%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 147 (42.7%) | 10 (27.0%) | 2.015 (0.946-4.292) | 0.069 | 2.035 (0.901-4.594) | 0.087 | |
| HTN duration in years | <5 | 113 (32.8%) | 21 (56.8%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥5 | 231 (67.2%) | 16 (43.2%) | 2.683 (1.348-5.340) | 0.005 | 1.986 (0.904-4.360) | 0.087 | |
| Polypharmacy | Yes | 169 (49.1%) | 26 (70.3%) | 2.448 (1.172-5.109) | 0.017 | 1.367 (0.590-3.166) | 0.466 |
| No | 175 (50.9%) | 11 (29.7%) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Number of antihypertensive medication | 1 | 46 (13.4%) | 3 (8.1%) | 1 | 0.369 | ||
| ≥2 | 298 (86.6%) | 34 (91.9%) | 0.572 (0.169-1.937) | ||||
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; DRPs, drug-related problems; HTN, hypertension. P-values set in boldface indicate statistical significance (p<0.05).