Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| CT (n = 59) | MDD (n = 41) | BD (n= 58) | SCZ (n = 53) | GAD (n = 39) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment (years)1* | 39.0 ± 11.0a | 50.5 ± 11.1a,b,c | 45.1 ± 13.4 | 38.6 ± 10.4b | 42.7 ± 13.2c |
| Female sex2* | 23 (39)a | 36 (87)b | 43 (74)c | 14 (26)d | 28 (71) |
| Education2* | |||||
| Primary | 6 (10.2)a | 21 (51.2)c | 18 (31.0) | 19 (35.8) | 16 (41.0) |
| Secondary | 32 (54.2) | 16 (39.0) | 31 (53.4) | 29 (53.4) | 18 (46.2) |
| Tertiary | 21 (35.6)b | 4 (9.8) | 9 (15.5) | 5 (9.4) | 5 (12.8) |
| Suicide attempters2† | - | 20 (48.8) | 33 (56.9)a | 17 (32.1) | 9 (23.1)b |
| Number of suicide attempts1* | - | 1.0 ± 1.5 0 (0-2)a | 1.5 ± 1.9 1 (0-2)b,c | 0.58 ± 1.0 0 (0-1)b | 0.38 ± 0.9 0 (0-0)a |
| Number of hospitalizations1* | - | 0.54 ± 1.1a,b | 3.1 ± 3.1a,d | 3.2 ± 2.8b,c | 0.7 ± 1.3c,d |
| Disorder duration (years)3 | - | 13 (8-24) | 16 (11-28) | 14 (8-23) | 10 (6-24.5) |
| YMRS1 | - | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 2.7 | 1.9 ± 3.8 | 1.2 ± 1.6 |
| HDRS1* | - | 12.7 ± 6.5a | 10.0 ± 6.0 c | 5.2 ± 4.0a,b,c | 11.2 ± 7.2b |
| GAD-7* | 19.9 ± 5.9a,b,c | 16.3 ± 6.1c,d | 12.4 ± 4.7a,d,e | 16.6 ± 6.6b,e | |
| FAST* | - | 30.4 ± 12.2a,b | 31.8 ± 15.8c | 24.3 ± 15.0a,c | 26.0 ± 14.0b |
BD = bipolar disorder; CT = control; FAST = Functional Assessment Short Test; GAD 7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MDD = major depressive disorder; SCZ = schizophrenia; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale.
Letters a-e indicate groups with statistical differences.
1 Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation); 2 Values are expressed as n (percentage); 3 Data are expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR).
* p < 0.001 and † p < 0.01 indicate significance levels in ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and 𝜒-squared tests.