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. 2023 Nov 13;12:269. doi: 10.1038/s41377-023-01300-5

Fig. 3. Numerical performance evaluation of E2E-BPF against clear and CPM pupil filters.

Fig. 3

The pictures of Lenna and mouse intestine tissue section were used as the reference, and numerically imaged by a microscope equipped with the filters. a–c Imaging results with clear, E2E-BPF, and CPM filters for the objects at various depth positions. Note that the results from E2E-BPF microscope and CPM were post-processed via the corresponding U-Nets optimized for each imaging condition. d RMSE and SSIM responses of each pupil filter as a function of defocus distance. The responses represent the mean RMSE and SSIM values evaluated over a randomly permuted test dataset. The solid lines represent the mean RMSE and SSIM values and the shaded areas represent standard error of the mean evaluated over randomly permuted test dataset (N = 820)