Fig. 5.

Special experimental methods to study tumor penetration. (A) Coarse-grained simulation snapshots of the perforation behavior of (i) liposomes and (ii) nanodiscs. (B) Gold nanoporous microelectrodes implanted in mice to monitor the concentration of chemotherapy drugs at different time points. Detailed images of the enlarged sensor are also provided (Fig. 5A was reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2022 Spinger Nature. Fig. 5B was reprinted with permission from Ref. [69]. Copyright 2022 AAAS).