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Relative expression of cell cycle regulation- and apoptosis-associated genes in 2D- and 3D-cultured A549 cells. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene. The results showed that anti-apoptotic genes were upregulated in 3D spheroids, while proliferation-promoting and pro-apoptotic gene were downregulated. A549 cells in 3D spheroids tended to undergo EMT process. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.
