Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | Placebo (n =37) | Collagen (n = 37) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 60.5 ± 6.1 | 62.2 ± 6.5 | 0.243 | |
| 50–64 | 30 (81) | 27 (73) | 1.000 | |
| ≥ 65 | 7 (19) | 10 (27) | ||
| Sex (M/F) | 8 (22)/29 (78) | 8 (22)/29 (78) | 0.407 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 65.1 ± 8.1 | 64.3 ± 8.1 | 0.647 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 2.3 | 25.9 ± 2.0 | 0.767 | |
| WHR | 0.91 ± 0.05 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.313 | |
| Education level | 0.263 | |||
| ≤ Middle school | 3 (8) | 8 (22) | ||
| High school | 22 (59) | 19 (51) | ||
| ≥ University | 12 (32) | 10 (27) | ||
| Marital status | 0.314 | |||
| Married | 37 (100) | 36 (97) | ||
| Single | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
| Smoker | 3 (8) | 3 (8) | 0.898 | |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,568.7 ± 398.0 | 1,655.5 ± 399.0 | 0.352 | |
| IPAQ (METs)† | 2,828.9 ± 2,001.7 | 3,086.6 ± 2,809.1 | 0.651 | |
| Menopausal women | 27 (93) | 28 (97) | 0.839 | |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or number (%).
The participants take the collagen peptide supplement (15 g/day) or placebo once daily during the 12-week intervention period.
No statistically significant differences in age, sex, body weight, BMI, WHR, educational level, marital status, smoking status, energy intake, physical activity, and menopausal status were determined the between placebo and collagen groups at study baseline.
F, female; M, male; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist–hip ratio; IPAQ, international physical activity questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalent task; n, number of subjects.
*p value obtained by the χ2 test or Student’s t-test; †The score is calculated using the IPAQ, with a higher score indicating greater physical activity.