Table 5. Changes in dietary intake including collagen supplementation.

Variables	Placebo (n = 37)				Collagen (n = 37)				p value†
	Baseline	12 weeks	Changes	p value*	Baseline	12 weeks	Changes	p value*
Energy (kcal)	1,568.7 ± 398.0	1,542.4 ± 419.5	−26.4 ± 428.2	0.710	1,655.5 ± 399.0	1,561.9 ± 356.7	−93.6 ± 384.6	0.147	0.480
Carbohydrate (g)	218.2 ± 55.0	209.0 ± 63.1	−9.2 ± 56.5	0.327	234.4 ± 58.2	214.7 ± 54.8	−19.7 ± 59.7	0.052	0.440
Protein (g)	62.4 ± 16.1	64.8 ± 20.0	2.5 ± 24.2	0.541	66.8 ± 21.9	76.1 ± 17.1	9.3 ± 21.4	0.012*	0.197
Fat (g)	49.1 ± 19.5	49.2 ± 19.6	0.1 ± 26.1	0.987	49.8 ± 15.2	45.3 ± 16.0	−4.5 ± 17.8	0.136	0.386

Data are presented as means ± standard deviations.

The participants take a collagen peptide supplement (15 g/day) or product once daily during the 12-week intervention period.

^*Significance was determined by the paired t-test, at p < 0.05, ^*p < 0.05; ^†No significant difference by the independent t-test at p < 0.05.