Table 1.
The Plant UGTs with solved structures. The sources of these structures were retrieved from the Protein Data Bank in May 2023. Abbreviations: UDP, uridine diphosphate; UDP-2FGlc, UDP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro glucose; DCA, 3,4-dichloroaniline; TCP, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; DTX, digitoxigenin; SA, salicylic acid; 2-BA, 2-bromobenzoic acid (an SA analogue); UDP-Glc, UDP-glucose; UDP-Gal, UDP-galactose; UDP-GlcA, UDP-glucuronic acid; UDP-Xyl, UDP-xylose; UDP-Arap, UDP- arabinopyranose; UDP-Rha, UDP-rhamnose; UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine; D3G, deoxynivalenol 3-O-glucoside; DCP,3,4-dichlorophenol; DCT,3,4-dichlorothiophenol;Sm, steviolmonoside; Reb E (D), rebaudioside E (D); ST, steviol; STB, a glycoside of steviol.
| UGT (Species) | Subfamily | Sugar donor* | Acceptor# | Apo/complex (PDB ID) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
LpCGTb (Landoltia punctata) |
UGT71 | UDP-Arap UDP-Xyl UDP-Gal (20%)* * |
2-hydroxyflavanone | Apo (6LFN) | [26] |
|
SbCGTb (Scutellaria baicalensis) |
UGT71 | UDP-Arap UDP-Xyl UDP-Glc |
2-hydroxyflavanone | UDP-Glc (6LFZ) | [26] |
|
GgCGT (Glycyrrhiza glabra) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc UDP-Xyl UDP-Gal UDP-Arap |
Phenolic compounds (flavonoids, simple aromatic compound) |
UDP-Glc (6L5P) UDP-Gal (6L5Q) UDP, phloretin (6L5R，6L5S) UDP, nothofagin (6L7H) |
[27] |
|
LpCGTa (Landoltia punctata) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc UDP-Arap UDP-Gal UDP-Xyl |
2-hydroxyflavanone | UDP (6LG1) | [26] |
| MiCGT## (Tetranychus Urticae) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc UDP-Xyl |
Flavonoids (quercetin, maclurin) Acetophenones (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone) DCA |
UDP-Glc (7VA8) | [28], [29] |
|
Os79## (Oryza sativa Japonica Group) |
UGT74 | UDP-Glc | Tricyclic sesquiterpenoid epoxides (deoxynivalenol nivalenol, isotrichodermol, HT-2 toxin） |
UDP (5TMB, 5TME) UDP-2FGlc, trichothecene (5TMD) UDP, D3G (6BK3) |
[30], [31] |
|
PaGT2 (Phytolacca americana) |
UGT72 | UDP-Glc | Polyphenols (flavonoids, stilbenoids) |
Apo (6JEL) UDP-2FGlc, resveratrol (6JEM) UDP-2FGlc, pterostilbene (6JEN) |
[32] |
|
PaGT3 (Phytolacca americana) |
UGT73 | UDP-Glc | Polyphenols (flavonoids, anthocyanins, stilbenoids) |
15-crown-5 ether (6LZX) 18-crown-6 ether (6LZY) UDP-2FGlc (7VEL) UDP-2FGlc, capsaicin (7VEK) UDP-2FGlc, kaempferol (7VEJ) |
[33], [34] |
|
PtUGT1 (Persicaria tinctoria) |
UGT72 | UDP-Glc | Indoxyl DCP DCA DCT |
Indoxyl sulfate (5NLM) UDP-Glc (6SU6) DCA (6SU7) |
[35], [36] |
|
SbCGTa (Scutellaria baicalensis) |
UHT71 | UDP-Glc UDP-Arap UDP-Gal UDP-Xyl |
2-hydroxyflavanone | UDP (6LG0) | [26] |
|
TcCGT1 (Trollius chinensis) |
UGT72 | UDP-Glc UDP-Xyl UDP-Gal UDP-Arap |
Aromatic compounds (flavonoids, hydroxynaphthalenes, stilbenes) |
UDP (6JTD) | [37] |
| UGT706F8 (Zea mays) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc | Flavonoids (silybin） |
UDP (7Q3S) | [13] |
| UGT708C1 (Fagopyrum esculentum) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc UDP-Gal |
Flavonoids (phloretin) Acetophenones (2′,4′,6′-trihydroxyacetophenone) |
Apo (6LLG) UDP (6LLW) UDP-Glc (6LLZ) BrUTP (7CYW) |
[38] |
| UGT71G1 (Medicago truncatula) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc | Triterpenoids (medicagenic acid, hederagenin） Flavonoids (quercetin） Isoflavonoids (genistein, biochanin A） |
UDP (2ACV) UDP-Glc (2ACW) |
[39] |
| UGT72B1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
UGT72 | UDP-Glc UDP-Xyl UDP-Gal (weak)* * |
DCA TCP |
UDP-2FGlc, TCP (2VCE) UDP (2VCH) UDP-Tris (2VG8) |
[40] |
| UGT74AC1## (Siraitia grosvenorii) |
UGT74 | UDP-Glc | Triterpenoids (mogrol） Flavonoids (quercetin) |
Apo (6L90) UDP-Glc (6L8Z) |
[41] |
| UGT74AC2 (Siraitia grosvenorii) |
UGT74 | UDP-Glc | Flavonoids (silybin） |
UDP (7BV3) | [42] |
| UGT74AN2 (Calotropis gigantea) |
UGT74 | UDP-Glc UDP-GlcNAc (13%)* * UDP-Gal (6%)* * |
Aromatic compound (flavonoids, stilbenes) Steroids Terpenoids |
Apo (7W09) UDP (7W0K) UDP-Glc (7W1H) UDP, sibufogenin (7W0Z) UDP, bufalin (7W10) UDP, DTX (7W1B) UDP, DTXG (7W11) |
[43] |
| UGT74F2## (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
UGT74 | UDP-Glc | Benzoic acid and derivatives (benzoic acid, SA) |
UDP, SA (5U6M) UDP, 2-BA (5U6S) |
[44] |
| UGT78G1 (Medicago truncatula) |
UGT78 | UDP-Glc | Flavonoids (kaempferol, myricetin) Isoflavonoids (formononetin) Anthocyanidins (pelargonidin, cyanidin) |
UDP (3HBJ) UDP, myricetin (3HBF) |
[45] |
| UGT78K6 (Clitoria ternatea) |
UGT78 | UDP-Glc | Anthocyanidins (delphinidin, petunidin) Flavonoids (kaempferol) |
Apo (3WC4) UDP (4WHM) Kaempferol (4REL) Delphinidin (4REM) Petunidin (4REN) |
[46], [47] |
| UGT85B1 (Sorghum bicolor) |
UGT85 | UDP-Glc | Cyanohydrins (P-hydroxymandelonitrile) Terpenoids (geraniol) Aromatic compound (mandelonitrile, benzyl alcohol) Hexanol derivatives (1-hexanol) |
UDP (7ZER) UDP, p-hydroxmandelonitrile (7ZF0) |
[48], [49] |
| UGT85H2 (Medicago truncatula) |
UGT85 | UDP-Glc | Flavonoids (kaempferol) Isoflavonoids (biochanin A) Chalcones (isoliquiritigenin) |
Apo (2PQ6) | [50] |
| UGT91C1 (Oryza sativa Japonica Group) |
UGT91 | UDP-Glc | Diterpenoids (Steviol glycosides） |
Apo (7ERY) UDP, Reb E (7ES0) UDP, ST (7ES1) UDP, STB (7ERX) UDP, Reb D (7ES2) |
[51] |
|
VvGT1 (Vitis vinifera) |
UGT78 | UDP-Glc UDP-GlcNAc (weak) UDP-Gal (weak) * * UDP-Xyl (weak) * * |
Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) Anthocyanidins (cyanidin) |
UDP (2C1X) UDP-2FGlc, kaempferol (2C1Z) UDP, quercetin (2C9Z) |
[52] |
|
ZmCGTa (Zea mays) |
UGT71 | UDP-Glc UDP-Arap UDP-Gal UDP-Xyl |
2-hydroxyflavanone | UDP (6LF6) | [26] |
| UGT73P12 (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) |
UGT73 | UDP-GlcA UDP-Glc (14%)* * UDP-gal (1.3%)* * |
Triterpenoids (glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide) |
UDP, glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O- monoglucuronide (7C2X) | - |
| UGT89C1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
UGT89 | UDP-Rha | Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) |
Apo (6IJ7) UDP (6IJ9) UDP-Rha (6IJA) Quercetin (6IJD) |
[53] |
| UGT76G1## (Stevia rebaudiana) |
UGT76 | UDP-Xyl UDP-Glc |
Diterpenoids (steviol glycosides） |
UDP (6INF, 6KVI, 6O87) UDP-Xyl (6KVJ) UDP, Sm (6KVK) UDP, Reb B (6KVL,6INI,6O88) |
[54], [55], [56] |
|
ZjOGT3 (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa.) |
UGT84 | UDP-Glc UDP-Xyl UDP-GlcNAc (22%)* * UDP-Arap (19%)* * |
Flavonoids Isoflavonoids Chalcones |
UDP (8INH) | [57] |
*The sugar donors are listed in order of preference.
* * Percentage represents the conversion rate, whereas “weak” represents low catalytic activity.
# Specific compounds are listed in parentheses.
## Mutant structures are not listed.