Fig. 2.

Comorbidity patterns in the study population. (A) Overall distribution of comorbidity types. The data show that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac arrhythmias are the most common comorbidities, with frailty present in 14% of patients at diagnosis. (B) Distribution of comorbidity types, separated by gender. The p value represents the statistical significance of the differences between genders groups concerning comorbidity types distribution. Men exhibit a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions, with the exception of rheumatologic diseases and anxiodepressive disorders. (C) Number of comorbidities in the entire population and by gender, indicating that 59% of men versus 48% of women present at least one comorbid condition at the time of cancer diagnosis. (D) The number of comorbidities by age and gender, demonstrating that men consistently show a higher number of comorbidities at diagnosis across all age groups.