Figure 8.

Suppression of mitophagy reversed the inhibitory effects of fucoxanthin on neurological deficit, brain edema, BBB damage, apoptosis and ferroptosis

(A) NSS was evaluated at 3 days after TBI, fucoxanthin i.c.v. injection and inhibition of mitophagy.

(B) Brain water content was examined at 3 days after TBI, fucoxanthin i.c.v. injection and inhibition of mitophagy.

(C and D) Representative images (C) and quantitative analysis (D) of the effect of fucoxanthin on EB leakage at 3 days after TBI, fucoxanthin i.c.v. injection and inhibition of mitophagy.

(E) Representative images of IF staining for TUNEL⁺ and CD31⁺ cells at 3 days after TBI, fucoxanthin i.c.v. injection and inhibition of mitophagy.

(F) Representative images of IF staining for ACSL4⁺ and CD31⁺ cells at 3 days after TBI, fucoxanthin i.c.v. injection and inhibition of mitophagy. n = 3 per group.

Data were presented as mean ± SD; ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 versus TBI + vehicle group; ^& p < 0.05, ^&& p < 0.01, ^&&& p < 0.001 versus TBI + fucoxanthin group. Scale bar: 20 μm.