Figure 9.

Fucoxanthin protected bEnd.3 cells from TBI

(A and B) bEnd.3 cells were subjected to scratch injury and then treated with 10 μM of fucoxanthin or DMSO for 3 days. The TB staining (A) and LDH release assay (B) were used to evaluate cell viability.

(C) TEER detected the BBB tightness at 3 days in all groups.

(D) Measurement of the levels of γ-GT at 3 days after TBI and fucoxanthin treatment.

(E) Representative images of TUNEL staining for bEnd.3 cells at 3 days in all groups.

(F and G) Western blot assay for the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in bEnd.3 cells at 3 days after TBI and fucoxanthin treatment.

(H and I) Western blot assay for the expression of ACSL4 in bEnd.3 cells at 3 days after TBI and fucoxanthin treatment.

(J and K) Western blot assay for the expression of PINK1 in bEnd.3 cells at 3 days after TBI and fucoxanthin treatment.

(L and M) Western blot assay for the expression of LC3 in bEnd.3 cells at 3 days after TBI and fucoxanthin treatment.

(N and O) The TB staining (N) and LDH release assay (O) were used to evaluate cell viability in bEnd.3 cells at 3 days after TBI, fucoxanthin treatment and inhibition of mitophagy. n = 3 per group.

Data were presented as mean ± SD; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus control group; ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 versus TBI + DMSO group; ^&& p < 0.01, ^&&& p < 0.001 versus TBI + fucoxanthin group. Scale bar: 20 μm β-actin was used as a loading control.