Table 1.
Baseline Characteristic and Hospitalization Data
| Usual Care N=13 |
Education Alone N=18 |
ACT N=15 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | |||
| Age at hospitalization, y | 69 (65, 71) | 65 (62, 74) | 68 (57, 78) |
| Female sex | 7 (54) | 10 (56) | 2 (13) |
| White race | 13 (100) | 18 (100) | 14 (93) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (46) | 11 (61) | 6 (40) |
| Hypertension | 9 (69) | 10 (56) | 14 (93) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6 (46) | 8 (44) | 10 (67) |
| Diabetes | 7 (54) | 12 (67) | 12 (80) |
| Vascular disease | 4 (31) | 5 (28) | 1 (7) |
| Preadmission SCr, mg/dLa | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 1.3 (1.2, 2.0) |
| Preadmission eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73 (39, 79) | 63 (37, 80) | 58 (34, 71) |
| Hospitalization Data | |||
| Medical admission | 6 (46) | 12 (67) | 14 (93) |
| Cardiovascular | 0 (0) | 3 (25) | 2 (14) |
| Respiratory | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.5) |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (17) | 1 (8.5) | 3 (21) |
| Genitourinary | 5 (83) | 7 (58) | 7 (50) |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (8.5) | 1 (7.5) |
| Surgical admission | 7 (54) | 6 (33) | 1 (7) |
| Cardiothoracic | 2 (29) | 3 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Gastrointestinal | 4 (57) | 2 (33.5) | 1 (100) |
| Other | 1 (14) | 1 (16.5) | 0 (0) |
| ICU admission | 4 (31) | 12 (67) | 5 (33) |
| ICU length of stay, d | 2.5 (2, 3) | 3 (1, 5) | 4 (3, 4) |
| Cause of AKI | |||
| Hypovolemia | 4 (31) | 3 (17) | 3 (20) |
| Sepsis-associated | 1 (8) | 2 (11) | 1 (7) |
| Cardio-renal | 2 (15) | 2 (11) | 3 (20) |
| Obstructive | 1 (8) | 2 (11) | 0 (0) |
| Nephrotoxic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Multifactorial | 2 (15) | 6 (33) | 4 (27) |
| Other/Unknown | 3 (23) | 3 (17) | 2 (13) |
| Nephrology consult during hospitalization | 5 (39) | 12 (67) | 8 (53) |
| Dialysis during hospitalization | 0 (0) | 4 (22) | 2 (13) |
| Dismissal SCr, mg/dL | 1.8 (1.3, 2.9) | 2.2 (1.5, 2.8) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.2) |
| Dismissal eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 40 (16, 58) | 29 (19, 54) | 31 (16, 58) |
| Hospital length of stay, d | 8 (6, 11) | 12 (8, 18) | 9 (5, 12) |
| Discharging service | |||
| Internal/Family medicine | 5 (39) | 9 (50) | 8 (53) |
| Cardiology | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 3 (20) |
| Oncology/Hematology | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Medicine, other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Cardiovascular surgery | 3 (23) | 3 (17) | 1 (7) |
| Surgical, other | 5 (39) | 3 (17) | 1 (7) |
| Total number of medications at dismissal | 12 (11, 15) | 16 (13, 22) | 16 (8, 21) |
| Participants with medication changes at dismissal | 13 (100) | 18 (100) | 15 (100) |
| Participants with nephrotoxicb medication changes | 6 (46) | 14 (78) | 12 (80) |
| Discharge disposition | |||
| Home | 13 (100) | 10 (56) | 15 (100) |
| Skilled nursing facility | 0 (0) | 5 (28) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 0 (0) | 3 (17) | 0 (0) |
Note: Data reported as n (%) for nominal/discrete data or median (IQR) for continuous data.
Abbreviations: ACT, AKI in Care Transitions; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; SCr, serum creatinine.
a
Back-calculated using MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study equation in 2 (Usual Care), 3 (Education Alone), and 1 (ACT) participants.
b
Nephrotoxic medications included acyclovir, cyclosporin, fluroquinolones, lithium, loop diuretics, methotrexate, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tacrolimus, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.