Table 1.

Food items considered in NOVA diet quality scores

Nova-WPF score (33 food items)	Nova-UPF score (23 food items)
Whole vegetables: lettuce; chard; watercress; arugula; collard greens; cabbage; broccoli; spinach; any other dark green; tomato; cucumber; carrot; beetroot; pumpkin; zucchini; eggplant; okra; and any other whole vegetable (18 items)	Ultra-processed snacks: packaged chips or crackers; cookies; cake snacks; cereal bars; ice cream or popsicle; chocolate bar or candies; and sugared breakfast cereals (7 items).
Whole fruits: banana; orange or tangerine; mango; papaya; pineapple; watermelon or melon; apple or pear; grape; acai; any other whole fruit (10 items)	Ultra-processed drinks: regular or diet soda; canned or bottled fruit juice (Del Valle ® -type); powdered drink mix (Tang®-type); chocolate-flavoured drink (Nescau®-type); tea-based beverage (ice tea-type); and fruit- or chocolate-flavoured yogurt (6 items).
Wholegrain cereals: brown rice, maize on the cob and steel-cut oats (3 items) Whole pulses: beans, lentils or peas (1 item) Whole nuts: any type of whole nuts (1 item)	Other ultra-processed products: sausage, hamburger or nuggets; ham, salami or mortadella; loaf, hot dog, or hamburger bun; margarine; French fries (either frozen or from restaurant chains such as McDonald’s®); mayonnaise, ketchup or mustard; store-bought salad dressing; instant noodles (Miojo®-type) or packaged soup; pizza (either frozen or from restaurant chains, such as Pizza Hut® or Domino’s®); and frozen lasagna or other frozen ready-made meals (10 items).