Table 2.
Distribution (%) according to baseline sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics, and BMI intervals, overall and across quintiles of Nova dietary quality scores. Participants of the NutriNet-Brasil cohort study (2020–2022) (n 9551)
| Quintiles* (Q) of the Nova-WPF score | Quintiles† (Q) of the Nova-UPF score | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| n | 9551 | 1862 | 1757 | 2265 | 1676 | 1991 | 2139 | 1885 | 1738 | 1956 | 1833 | ||
| Variables | % | % | % | % | % | % | P-value | % | % | % | % | % | P-value |
| Sex | 0·59 | < 0·001 | |||||||||||
| Men | 22·2 | 19·3 | 18·6 | 23·2 | 16·9 | 22·0 | 20·3 | 16·2 | 17·5 | 22·5 | 23·4 | ||
| Women | 77·8 | 19·6 | 18·4 | 23·9 | 17·7 | 20·5 | 23·0 | 20·7 | 18·4 | 19·9 | 18·0 | ||
| Age (years) | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | |||||||||||
| 18–29 | 15·2 | 30·0 | 22·4 | 22·8 | 12·1 | 12·7 | 15·8 | 17·0 | 15·7 | 25·1 | 26·5 | ||
| 30–39 | 27·4 | 23·1 | 19·2 | 24·9 | 17·3 | 15·5 | 18·7 | 19·3 | 20·0 | 20·4 | 21·6 | ||
| 40–49 | 23·7 | 21·1 | 20·2 | 23·8 | 17·1 | 17·8 | 21·3 | 19·8 | 18·6 | 20·9 | 19·4 | ||
| 50–59 | 19·3 | 13·3 | 16·1 | 24·8 | 19·2 | 26·6 | 28·2 | 22·1 | 17·3 | 18·2 | 14·2 | ||
| ≥60 | 14·4 | 7·2 | 12·8 | 20·8 | 22·3 | 36·9 | 30·5 | 20·3 | 17·8 | 18·2 | 13·2 | ||
| Macro-region of residence | 0·26 | < 0·001 | |||||||||||
| North | 2·4 | 22·0 | 18·5 | 23·3 | 16·0 | 20·3 | 28·9 | 20·7 | 14·7 | 18·1 | 17·7 | ||
| Northeast | 9·3 | 22·1 | 18·3 | 22·3 | 17·0 | 20·3 | 23·6 | 23·4 | 17·5 | 19·5 | 16·1 | ||
| Midwest | 7·6 | 18·8 | 19·0 | 24·0 | 18·4 | 19·8 | 21·8 | 19·6 | 18·4 | 21·1 | 19·1 | ||
| Southeast | 62·7 | 19·9 | 18·4 | 23·7 | 17·5 | 20·5 | 20·7 | 18·5 | 18·0 | 20·1 | 22·7 | ||
| South | 17·9 | 16·6 | 18·0 | 24·4 | 18·0 | 23·0 | |||||||
| Educational level (years of schooling) | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | |||||||||||
| 0–11 | 12·2 | 27·0 | 21·7 | 20·4 | 13·9 | 17·0 | 18·6 | 16·5 | 17·7 | 22·2 | 25·0 | ||
| ≥12 | 87·8 | 18·5 | 17·9 | 24·2 | 18·1 | 21·4 | 22·9 | 20·2 | 18·3 | 20·2 | 18·4 | ||
| Smoking status | < 0·001 | 0·18 | |||||||||||
| Never | 76·3 | 19·7 | 19·0 | 24·2 | 17·2 | 20·0 | 22·2 | 19·9 | 18·2 | 20·5 | 19·3 | ||
| Former | 19·0 | 16·8 | 15·9 | 22·3 | 19·6 | 25·4 | 24·2 | 19·7 | 17·9 | 20·3 | 17·9 | ||
| Current | 4·7 | 27·5 | 18·5 | 22·3 | 14·7 | 17·0 | 18·5 | 18·1 | 20·1 | 21·0 | 22·3 | ||
| Physical activity | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | |||||||||||
| Insufficiently active | 41·8 | 25·8 | 22·2 | 23·0 | 14·4 | 14·6 | 18·2 | 18·5 | 18·3 | 22·9 | 22·1 | ||
| Active | 58·2 | 15·0 | 15·7 | 24·3 | 19·8 | 25·3 | 25·4 | 20·6 | 18·2 | 18·8 | 17·1 | ||
| Diet for weight loss | 0·01 | 0·10 | |||||||||||
| No | 84·4 | 19·4 | 18·0 | 23·6 | 17·6 | 21·5 | 22·1 | 19·6 | 18·0 | 20·6 | 19·6 | ||
| Yes | 15·6 | 20·2 | 20·3 | 24·3 | 17·6 | 17·6 | 23·8 | 20·4 | 19·2 | 19·6 | 17·0 | ||
| BMI (kg/m²) | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | |||||||||||
| <18·5 | 2·8 | 24·3 | 18·7 | 20·6 | 14·2 | 22·1 | 20·97 | 20·6 | 14·61 | 20·97 | 22·85 | ||
| 18·5–24·9 | 49·3 | 15·7 | 16·6 | 23·9 | 18·7 | 25·1 | 26·46 | 21·07 | 18·4 | 18·23 | 15·83 | ||
| 25–29·9 | 30·6 | 20·3 | 18·4 | 24·7 | 17·3 | 19·3 | 20·33 | 19·82 | 17·52 | 21·83 | 20·5 | ||
| ≥30 | 17·3 | 28·2 | 23·5 | 21·8 | 15·2 | 11·3 | 14·67 | 15·64 | 19·39 | 24·42 | 25·88 | ||
WPF, whole plant food; UPF, ultra-processed food.
P-values were estimated through Pearson’s χ2.
*
Nova-WPF score (mean (min.–max.)): Q1 (2·4 (0·0–3·3)); Q2 (4·2 (3·7–4·7)); Q3 (5·7 (5·0–6·3)); Q4 (7·3 (6·7–8·0)); Q5 (10·3 (8·3–22·0)).
†
Nova-UPF score (mean (min.–max.)): Q1 (0·4 (0·0–0·7)); Q2 (1·2 (1·0–1·3)); Q3 (1·8 (1·7–2·0)); Q4 (2·6 (2·3–3·0)); Q5 (4·3 (3·3–13·7)).