Table 3.
Frequency (%) and relative risk (RR) of 15-month BMI gain (≥5 %) according to quintiles (Q) of baseline Nova diet quality scores. Participants of the NutriNet-Brasil cohort study (2020–2022) (n 9551)
| NOVA diet quality scores | BMI gain (%) | Crude | 95 % CI | RR | RR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted‡ | 95 % CI | Adjusted§ | 95 % CI | ||||
| NOVA-WPF score* | |||||||
| Q1 | 21·59 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | |||
| Q2 | 18·16 | 0·84 | 0·74, 0·96 | 0·89 | 0·78, 1·01 | 0·91 | 0·80, 1·04 |
| Q3 | 15·67 | 0·73 | 0·64, 0·83 | 0·79 | 0·69, 0·90 | 0·82 | 0·72, 0·93 |
| Q4 | 15·16 | 0·70 | 0·61, 0·81 | 0·80 | 0·69, 0·92 | 0·84 | 0·73, 0·98 |
| Q5 | 13·46 | 0·62 | 0·54, 0·72 | 0·74 | 0·64, 0·86 | 0·80 | 0·69, 0·94 |
| P-value for linear trend | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | < 0·01 | ||||
| NOVA-UPF score† | |||||||
| Q1 | 13·28 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | |||
| Q2 | 14·96 | 1·13 | 0·97, 1·31 | 1·08 | 0·93, 1·26 | 1·07 | 0·92, 1·25 |
| Q3 | 17·03 | 1·28 | 1·10, 1·49 | 1·22 | 1·04, 1·41 | 1·18 | 1·02, 1·38 |
| Q4 | 18·25 | 1·37 | 1·19, 1·59 | 1·28 | 1·11, 1·48 | 1·23 | 1·06, 1·43 |
| Q5 | 20·68 | 1·56 | 1·35, 1·79 | 1·41 | 1·22, 1·63 | 1·34 | 1·15, 1·56 |
| P-value for linear trend | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | < 0·001 | ||||
WPF, whole plant food; UPF, ultra-processed food.
*
Nova-WPF score (min.–max.): Q1 (0·0–3·3); Q2 (3·7–4·7); Q3 (5·0–6·3); Q4 (6·7–8·0); Q5 (8·3–22·0).
†
Nova-UPF score (min.–max.): Q1 (0·0–0·7); Q2 (1·0–1·3); Q3 (1·7–2·0); Q4 (2·3–3·0); Q5 (3·3–13·7).
‡
Adjusted for sex, age (continuous), macro-region of residence, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, diet for weight loss and BMI at baseline (continuous).
§
Additionally adjusted for quintiles of the other dietary score.