TABLE 5.
Percent folate supplement users in EU surveys and folate intake from food supplements among users (toddlers, children and adolescents).
| Country Survey name (N subjects) Reference | Dietary method (N of days) | Sex | Age range | % folate supplement users in total survey sample/among supplements users | Folate a from supplements, P95 (μg/day) | % contribution of supplements to total folate intake, mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Denmark DANSDA 2011–2013 (n = 3936) (Hindborg, 2015, Unpublished) |
Face‐to‐face interview |
m f |
4–10 y 11–17 y 11–17 y |
60 b /NR 46 b /NR 42 b /NR |
NR |
18 26 27 |
|
Germany EsKiMo II 2015–2017 (n = 2644) (Perlitz et al., 2019) |
Short questionnaire + weighing logs | m + f |
6–11 y 12–17 y |
NR/NR 4.1/25.2 |
NR | NR |
|
Ireland NPNS 2011–2012 (n = 500) NCFS II 2017–2018 (n = 600) NTFS II 2019–2020 (n = 428) (Kehoe & Walton, 2022) |
Weighted food diary (4 days) | m + f |
1–4 y 5–12 y 13–18 y |
9.6/44.9 8.5/39.1 7.2/50.9 |
200 200 397 |
29.3 25.7 38.5 |
|
Netherlands DNFCS 2012–2016 (n = 4313) (Van Rossum et al., 2022) |
Questionnaire (online/paper) | m + f |
1–3 y 3–10 y 10–14 y 14–18 y |
m 15/17 f 16/19 m 22/40 f 23/38 m 14/35 f 20/41 m 10/29 f 9/23 |
m 140/f 198 m 188/f 199 m 195/f 272 m 344/f 198 |
NR |
|
Norway Småbarnskost 2015 (n = 1674) Ungkost 3 2016 (4 y, n = 399) Ungkost 3 2015 (9 y, n = 636) Ungkost 3 2015 (13 y, n = 687) (VKM et al., 2015) |
FFQ + food diary +24‐h dietary interviews | m + f |
2 y 4 y 9 y 13 y |
NR/NR NR/NR NR/NR NR/NR |
Mean 77 55 68 102 |
NA |
|
Slovenia SI.Menu 2017–2018 (n = 1248) (Pravst et al., 2021) |
FPQ | m + f | 10–17 y |
Multivitamins/folic acid only 27.5/0.2 |
NR | NR |
Abbreviations: d, day; DANSDA, The Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity; DNFCS, Dutch National Food Consumption Survey; EsKiMo, Eating study as a KiGGS Module; f, females; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; FPQ, food propensity questionnaire; m, males; N, number; NA, cannot be calculated; NCFS, National Children's Food Survey; NPNS, National Pre‐School Nutrition Survey; NR, not reported in the publication; NTFS, National Teen's Food Consumption Survey; SD, standard deviation; VKM, Vitenskapskomiteen format og miljø (Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment); y, year.
Folic acid is the most commonly used form in foods supplements.
% users of multivitamin/mineral supplements. By default, multivitamin/mineral supplements were considered to contain manganese based on Danish households purchases data.