Table 1.
Demographic, baseline coronary, and treatment data
| Total (n = 527) | Single IVIG (n = 243) | Single IVIG + infliximab (n = 21) | Single IVIG + steroids (n = 27) | Multiple IVIG n = 100) | Multiple IVIG + infliximab (n = 17) | Multiple IVIG +steroids (n = 75) | Multiple IVIG + steroids + infliximab (n = 44) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Male, n (%) | 368 (70) | 169 (70) | 18 (86) | 19 (70) | 72 (72) | 11 (65) | 52 (69) | 27 (61) | 0.49 |
| Age (y), median (IQR) | 1.3 (0.4-4.0) | 1.1 (0.4-4.0) | 1.4 (0.5-3.0) | 0.8 (0.4-6.8) | 1.7 (0.5-3.9) | 0.8 (0.3-3.4) | 1.1 (0.4-4.1) | 1.3 (0.4-5.0) | 0.93 |
| Age <6 mo, n (%) | 138 (26) | 126 (26) | 5 (24) | 9 (33) | 23 (23) | 5 (29.4) | 22 (29) | 11 (25) | 0.45 |
| Complete KD criteria, n (%) | 265/514 (52) | 106/236 (45) | 10/19 (53) | 9/27 (33) | 54/98 (55) | 8/17 (47) | 51/74 (69) | 27/43 (63) | <0.001 |
| Total days of fever, median (IQR) | 11 (8-15) | 9 (7-13) | 9 (6-14) | 11 (8-16) | 11 (8-15) | 12 (9-13) | 14 (9-17) | 16 (12-21) | <0.001 |
| Days of fever before IVIG, median (IQR) | 7 (5-11) | 8 (6-12) | 8 (5-11) | 10 (6-16) | 7 (5-10) | 7 (5-9) | 7 (5-10) | 6 (5-10) | <0.001 |
| Days of fever after IVIG, median (IQR) | 1 (0-4) | 0 (0-1) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 3 (1-5) | 3 (1-6) | 5 (2-9) | 9 (5-14) | <0.001 |
| Baseline coronary data | |||||||||
| Baseline RCA z-score, mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 5.9 | 5.4 ±4.7 | 5.9 ±5.7 | 7.2 ± 9.0 | 5.1 ±5.1 | 5.4 ± 4.9 | 5.9 ± 9.0 | 4.5 ± 5.2 | 0.66 |
| Baseline LMCA z-score, mean ± SD | 3.0 ± 4.1 | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 3.0 ± 3.0 | 5.9 ± 12.8 | 2.8 ± 2.9 | 3.2 ± 2.5 | 2.6 ± 3.6 | 2.4 ± 3.2 | 0.01 |
| Baseline LAD z-score, mean ± SD | 6.2 ± 6.4 | 6.5 ± 5.4 | 5.6 ± 6.3 | 8.8 ± 11.5 | 5.6 ± 5.9 | 8.0 ± 9.5 | 5.6 ± 6.9 | 4.8 ± 6.2 | 0.11 |
| Baseline Max z-score, mean ± SD | 7.4 ± 6.0 | 7.8 ± 5.2 | 7.8 ± 6.7 | 8.2 ± 6.8 | 7.2 ± 6.0 | 8.6 ± 9.2 | 6.5 ± 7.2 | 5.9 ± 6.2 | 0.33 |
| Bilateral CAA, n (%) | 447 (59) | 201 (60) | 15 (56) | 23 (59) | 84 (59) | 14 (66) | 74 (63) | 36 (51) | 0.78 |
| Acute treatments | |||||||||
| Number of IVIG doses, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 1 | 291 (55) | 243 (100) | 21 (100) | 27 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| 2 | 202 (38) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 91 (91) | 16 (94) | 64 (85) | 31 (71) | – |
| ≥3 | 34 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (9) | 1 (6) | 11 (15) | 13 (30) | – |
| IV pulse steroids, n (%) | 135 (25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 20 (74) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 66 (88) | 41 (93) | <0.001 |
| Immunotherapy Med∗, n (%) | 23/307 (8) | 5/131 (4) | 0/11 (0) | 1/8 (13) | 1/11(9) | 0/54 (0) | 9/53 (17) | 7/39 (18) | 0.004 |
| Thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | 7 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 1 (1) | 2 (5) | 0.19 |
| Convalescent treatments | |||||||||
| Lovenox, n (%) | 118 (22) | 31 (13) | 5 (23) | 12 (44) | 21 (21) | 5 (29) | 27 (36) | 17 (39) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 107/516 (21) | 29/239 (12) | 2/21 (10) | 10 (37) | 26/98 (27) | 5/16 (31) | 17/71 (24) | 18/44 (41) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel, n (%) | 134/515 (26) | 36/239 (15) | 12/21 (57) | 5/27 (19) | 28/98 (28.6) | 11/16 (69) | 20/71 (28) | 22/43 (51) | <0.001 |
CAA, coronary artery aneurysm; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; KD, Kawasaki disease; LAD, left anterior descending; LMCA, left main coronary artery; Med, medication; RCA, right coronary artery; SD, standard deviation.
∗
Immunotherapy Med = cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, or etanercept.