Table 2.
Echocardiography results
| Normal ECHO (N = 40) | Intervention (N = 11) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at echocardiography (d) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0.90 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 3 (8%) | 6 (55%) | 0.002 |
| Ventricular septal defect | 7 (18%) | 5 (45%) | 0.10 |
| Measurement in PLAX view (cm) | |||
| Aortic opening | 0.65 (0.09) | 0.58 (0.12) | 0.05 |
| Aortic root | 0.92 (0.13) | 0.83 (0.16) | 0.07 |
| STJ | 0.74 (0.12) | 0.63 (0.08) | <0.05 |
| Ascending aorta | 0.85 (0.10) | 0.71 (0.13) | 0.001 |
| Measurement in the A4C view | |||
| EDA RV | 4.24 (0.90) | 4.95 (0.91) | 0.03 |
| EDA LV | 4.26 (1.00) | 3.23 (0.71) | 0.002 |
| EDA RV/LV ratio | 1.02 (0.20) | 1.56 (0.23) | <0.001 |
| 4C-EF (%) | 64.30 (10.99) | 64.60 (10.83) | 0.94 |
| MV annulus (cm) | 0.90 (0.15) | 0.66 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| TV annulus (cm) | 0.98 (0.17) | 0.97 (0.14) | 0.87 |
| TV/MV annulus ratio | 1.28 (0.27) | 1.76 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| Measurement in PSAX | |||
| Eccentricity index | 1.60 (0.28) | 2.16 (0.45) | <0.001 |
| D2 RV | 1.55 (0.27) | 1.89 (0.47) | 0.006 |
| D2 LV/D2 RV | 0.65 (0.16) | 0.46 (0.19) | 0.003 |
| PDA size (mm) | 2.91 (1.25) | 4.24 (1.79) | 0.008 |
| Measurement at arch view (cm) | |||
| AA | 0.76 (0.12) | 0.65 (0.12) | 0.01 |
| PTA | 0.58 (0.10) | 0.38 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| DTA | 0.48 (0.09) | 0.33 (0.07) | <0.001 |
| AI | 0.36 (0.07) | 0.26 (0.07) | <0.001 |
| Isthmus to PDA ratio | 1.50 (0.71) | 0.79 (0.62) | 0.006 |
| Gradient in descending aorta (mm Hg) | 7.25 (4.06) | 12.72 (7.04) | 0.007 |
Expressed as N (%), mean (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range).
AA, ascending aorta; AI, aortic isthmus; A4C, apical-4-chamber view; DTA, distal transverse aorta; D2, ventricular diameter perpendicular to the septum at the peak of systole; ECHO, echocardiography; EDA, end-diastolic area; EF, ejection fraction by Simpson’s disc method in the apical 4-chamber view; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PLAX, parasternal long axis view; PSAX, parasternal short axis view; PTA, proximal transverse aorta; RV, right ventricle; STJ, sinotubular junction; TV, tricuspid valve.