Table 2.
Cardiac and liver MRI characteristics and their significance in study cohorts
| Fontan (n = 20) | BiV-CHD (n = 12) | Control (n = 9) | P value (Kruskal-Wallis) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDVi (mL/m2) | 101.0 (83.0-125.5)∗ | 83.5 (72.5-90.3) | 78.0 (74.5-86.5)∗ | 0.024 |
| ESVi (mL/m2) | 52.5 (35.5-83.0)∗ | 36.5 (27.8-41.0) | 33.0 (29.0-39.5)∗ | 0.009 |
| EF (%) | 48.5 (37.0-54.8)∗,† | 58.9 (53.5-61.8)† | 58.0 (55.3-61.5)∗ | <0.001 |
| Mass index (g/m2) | 49.5 (40.0-63.3) | 51.0 (43.0-61.0) | 48.0 (43.5-55.3) | NS |
| Septal MOLLI T1 (ms) | 1051 (1024-1088)∗ | 1010 (988-1050) | 994 (978-1019)∗ | 0.014 |
| Lateral MOLLI T1 (ms) | 1048 (1001-1073)∗ | 998 (946-1076) | 980 (951-991)∗ | 0.032 |
| Liver | ||||
| T1 (average) (ms) | 781 (745-836)∗,† | 678 (622-705)† | 675 (629-713)∗ | <0.001 |
| T1 (central) (ms)‡ | 714 (698-773)∗,† | 676 (637-706)† | 689 (624-698)∗ | 0.003 |
| T1 (outer) (ms)‡ | 767 (741-842)∗,† | 694 (632-720)† | 677 (629-710)∗ | <0.001 |
| Outer-central (ms)‡ | 53.9 (41.6-67.3)∗,† | 1.7 (-6.0-16.2)† | 10.5 (1.5-17.7)∗ | <0.001 |
| Central/outer (%) | 93.5 (91.3-94.5)∗,† | 99.8 (97.8-101.0)† | 98.5 (97.4-99.6)∗ | <0.001 |
| Liver PDFF (%) | 1.6 (1.4-1.8) | 1.8 (1.4-2.7) | 1.9 (1.6-2.8) | NS |
| Liver T2∗ (ms) | 29.2 (23.9-34.2) | 25.6 (21.4-29.1) | 23.7 (21.6-28.2) | 0.053 |
| Liver MOLLI T1 (ms) | 728 (714-744)∗,† | 583 (573-638)† | 583 (555-617)∗ | <0.001 |
BiV-CHD, biventricular congenital heart disease; EDVi, end diastolic volume indexed to BSA; EF, ejection fraction; ESVi, end systolic volume indexed to BSA; MOLLI, modified Look-Locker inversion; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NS, not significant; PDFF, proton density fat fraction.
∗
Indicates the significant difference between Fontan and control.
†
Indicates the significant difference between Fontan and BiV-CHD.
‡
From a single slice.