Table I.
Description of included studies. Principal outcomes are given with 95% confidence interval.
| Author, publication year | Cohort, start, country | Follow-up, years | Participants, a n sub-cohort | Age, b years | Education, years | Manual workers, % | Women, % | Reference | Exposure c and principal outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bickel et al., 1994 | 1986, Germany | 7.8 | 314 | 74 | 34% | 64% | Crude annual incidence rate: O: professional: 7.1; occupied solely with housework or helping in family business: 10.1 | ||
| Cadar et al., 2018 | 2002, UK | 7 | 1808, born 1900–1925 | 81 | 8.3 | 58% | More privileged | Adjusted, E: HR=0.72 (0.49–1.07); N: HR=1.11 (0.68–1.81); W: HR=1.35 (0.85–2.14) | |
| 4412, born 1926–1943 | 71 | 9.2 | 53% | Adjusted, E: HR=1.21 (0.81–1.79); N: HR=1.50 (0.91–2.49); W: HR=1.68 (1.05–2.86) | |||||
| Chen et al., 2011 | 2001, China | 7.5 | 1526 | 72 | 9.5 | 24% | 43% | More privileged | Adjusted, E: OR=2.12 (1.03–4.38); I: OR=1.13 (0.56–2.24); O: OR=1.33 (0.60–2.99) |
| Contador et al., 2015 | 1994, Spain, | 3.8 | 2711 | 73 | 6.9 | 85% | 57% | More privileged | Adjusted, N: RR=4.36 (2.35–8.09) |
| De Deyn et al., 2011 | 2006, Belgium | 3 | 825 | 78 | 9.3 | 63% | Crude annual proportion of cases: N: high mean education: 5.9%; low mean education level: 10.1% | ||
| Evans et al., 1997 | 1982, USA | 4.3 | 642 | 74 | 9.1 | 56% | Less privileged | Adjusted, E: OR=0.83 (0.75–0.92); I: OR=0.80 (0.63–1.02); O: OR=0.96 (0.93–0.99) | |
| Hasselgren et al., 2019 | 2000, Sweden | 10 | 580 | 71 | 9.1 | 44% | 61% | Less privileged | Adjusted, E: HR=0.72 (0.35–1.49); O: HR=0.91 (0.49–1.71) |
| Karp et al., 2004 | 1987, Sweden | 3 | 931 | 81 | 8.2 | 35% | 76% | More privileged | Adjusted, O: RR=1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
| Letellier et al., 2018 | 1999, France | 12 | 7016 | 74 | 18 | 62% | Less privileged | Adjusted, E: HR=0.57 (0.49–0.67); I: HR=0.72 (0.62–0.84) | |
| More privileged | Adjusted, O: HR=1.64 (1.39–1.94); LA: HR=1.03 (0.91–1.17); N: HR=1.15 (0.93–1.42) | ||||||||
| Ouvrard et al., 2020 | 1988, France | 25 | 3431 | 75 | 57% | Less privileged | Adjusted, N: HR=1.10 (0.89–1.36) | ||
| Paykel et al., 1994 | 1988, UK | 2.4 | 483 | 82 | 59% | 66% | Crude annual incidence rate, O: higher occupational class 3.6 (2.5–5.2); lower occupational class: 4.4 (2.9–6.8) | ||
| Samuel et al., 2020 | 2012, USA | 5 | 3785 | 76 | 12.6 | 58% | 56% | Less privileged | Adjusted, E: hOR=0.73 (0.65–0.83); I: hOR=0.84 (0.74–0.95); O: hOR=1.10 (0.97–1.24) |
| Stern et al., 2020 | 1988, USA | 3 | 593 | 74 | 9.6 | 55% | 73% | More privileged | Adjusted, E: HR=2.02 (1.33–3.06); O: HR=2.25 (1.32–3.84) |
| Takasugi et al., 2019 | 2010, Japan | 6 | 24,175, males | 74 | 9.9 | 18% | 0% | More privileged | Adjusted, E: HR=1.34 (1.04–1.73); I: HR=0.97 (0.83–1.13); O: HR=1.25 (0.99–1.58) |
| 27,888, females | 74 | 9.0 | 39% | 100% | Adjusted, E: HR=1.21 (1.00–1.45); I: HR=0.83 (0.72–0.96); O: HR=0.95 (0.80–1.13) | ||||
| Yaffe et al., 2013 | 1997, USA | 6 | 1019, black | 73 | 12.6 | 47% | More privileged | Adjusted, E: HR=1.75 (1.26–2.43); I: HR=1.45 (1.07–1.96), | |
| 1438, white | 74 | 10.8 | 55% | Adjusted, E: HR=0.99 (0.66–1.47); I: HR=1.49 (0.80–2.77) |
a
Participants at follow-up.
b
Age at baseline.
c
Exposure: O: occupation; E: education; N: neighbourhood; W: wealth; I: income; LA: living alone.
HR: hazard ratio; RR: relative risk; OR: odds ratio.