Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | Total (n = 204) | No recurrence (n = 127) | Recurrence (n = 77) | Z/χ 2/t | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 55 ± 9 | 55 ± 9 | 55 ± 10 | −2.124 | .927 |
| Gender | 0.007 | .935 | |||
| Male (n, %) | 161 (78.9) | 100 (78.7) | 61 (79.2) | ||
| Female (n, %) | 43 (21.1) | 27 (21.3) | 16 (20.8) | ||
| Height (m) | 1.66 ± 0.08 | 1.66 ± 0.07 | 1.65 ± 0.08 | −0.013 | .990 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.40 ± 11.24 | 69.92 ± 10.33 | 71.04 ± 12.35 | −0.089 | .933 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.39 ± 3.17 | 25.40 ± 2.89 | 25.36 ± 3.13 | 0.106 | .916 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| CAD (n, %) | 1.294 | .255 | |||
| Yes | 37 (18.1) | 20 (15.7) | 17 (22.1) | ||
| No | 167 (81.9) | 107 (84.3) | 60 (77.9) | ||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 0.091 | .762 | |||
| Yes | 35 (17.2) | 21 (16.5) | 14 (18.2) | ||
| No | 169 (82.8) | 106 (83.5) | 63 (81.8) | ||
| Smoke (n, %) | 0.130 | .719 | |||
| Yes | 64 (31.3) | 41 (32.3) | 23 (29.9) | ||
| No | 139 (68.7) | 86 (67.7) | 54 (70.1) | ||
| Imaging factors | |||||
| LAD (mm) | 41 ± 6 | 40 ± 5 | 44 ± 6 | −5.334 | <.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 57 ± 4 | 54 ± 7 | 2.954 | .004 |
| Laboratory index | |||||
| WBC (×109/L) | 5.95 ± 1.21 | 5.85 ± 1.06 | 6.11 ± 1.43 | −1.517 | .131 |
| Neutrophil (×109/L) | 3.62 ± 1.26 | 3.35 ± 1.07 | 4.07 ± 1.43 | −4.082 | .001 |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.65 ± 0.56 | 1.71 ± 0.63 | −0.701 | .484 |
| Monocyte (×109/L) | 0.35 ± 0.12 | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 0.37 ± 0.14 | −1.451 | .148 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 148 ± 21 | 149 ± 25 | 147 ± 12 | 0.475 | .635 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 200 ± 67 | 188 ± 60 | 219 ± 74 | −3.028 | .002 |
| hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 2.02 ± 0.47 | 1.98 ± 0.43 | 2.11 ± 0.53 | −1.956 | .052 |
| SCr (µmol/L) | 69.55 ± 13.68 | 68.92 ± 12.81 | 70.57 ± 15.05 | −0.832 | .406 |
| SUA (mmol/L) | 329.67 ± 101.21 | 318.94 ± 93.23 | 347 ± 111.51 | −1.873 | .063 |
| Urea (µmol/L) | 5.50 ± 1.48 | 5.53 ± 1.37 | 5.45 ± 1.65 | 0.364 | .728 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.83 ± 0.14 | 0.83 ± 0.14 | 0.84 ± 0.14 | −0.211 | .883 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 1.07 | 1.57 ± 0.57 | 1.58 ± 1.23 | −0.004 | .997 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.30 ± 0.97 | 4.28 ± 0.92 | 4.31 ± 1.03 | −0.223 | .819 |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 1.14 ± 0.39 | 1.15 ± 0.41 | 1.17 ± 0.33 | 0.627 | .532 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.47 ± 0.84 | 2.42 ± 0.84 | 2.29 ± 0.84 | 0.047 | .962 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.49 ± 1.26 | 5.47 ± 1.29 | 5.52 ± 1.20 | −0.273 | .785 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.82 ± 1.00 | 6.70 ± 0.97 | 7.01 ± 0.99 | −2.207 | .028 |
| eGRF (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 102.02 ± 16.39 | 102.35 ± 16.16 | 101.49 ± 16.86 | 0.365 | .716 |
| NLR | 2.37 ± 1.05 | 2.24 ± 1.12 | 2.57 ± 0.91 | −2.279 | .024 |
| SII (×109/L) | 461.90 ± 234.73 | 421.78 ± 222.75 | 533.17 ± 243.01 | −3.345 | <.001 |
| Type of AF | 16.727 | <.001 | |||
| Paroxysmal (n, %) | 93 (45.6) | 72 (56.7) | 21 (27.3) | ||
| Persistent (n, %) | 111 (54.4) | 55 (43.3) | 56 (72.7) | ||
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | −1.026 | .306 |
| AF duration (month) | 50 ± 36 | 46 ± 36 | 56 ± 34 | −1.828 | .690 |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein‐C; hs‐CRP, high sensitivity‐C reactive protein; LAD, left anterior; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein‐C; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; RFCA, radiofrequency catheter ablation; SCr, serum creatinine; SII, systemic immune‐inflammation; SUA, serum uric acid; TC, total cholesterol.