Fig. 22. Comparison of FRET pathway redundancy in dual versus split rail DNA constructs. (A) Schematic of DNA rail structures including dual rail (DR), fully split (FSR), and partially split rails (SR). Each is assembled from several constituent dsDNA oligonucleotides highlighted by colored strands. Full array of DR constructs each dye shown on right. (B) Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, AF647, and Cy5.5 dyes used as energy collection, transfer, and reporter elements. Potential ET pathways, including the three primary FRET channels (FRET_1–3) and longer distance interactions, from the primary Cy3 donor. ET pathways in the DR construct highlighting multiple interacting pathways and split rail SR construct where the two branches are depicted acting primarily as two independent wires. Spectral evolution of the DR2211 (C) and DR1121 (D), representing the best and worst performing structures, respectively, with the addition of fluorophores Cy3.5, Cy5, and Cy5.5. Reproduced with permission from ref. 173 Copyright, 2021, John Wiley & Sons.