Fig. 66. DNA-FRET voltage sensor including various functionalities on a single DNA origami platform. (A) Schematic of the sensor interface with the liposome membrane. (B) Voltage-sensing unit consisting of dsDNA with ATTO532 D and ATTO647N A dyes. (C) Probable working principle of the voltage-sensor, for which ATTO647N remains anchored in the hydrophobic core of the membrane, whereas the anionic ATTO532-DNA is influenced by the charge inside the liposome, which results in D–A distance changes. (D) The FRET distance changes can be used to distinguish transmembrane potentials with different sensor constructs (red: C12 linker on ATTO647N; green: C12 + C6 linker on ATTO647N). Reproduced with permission from ref. 435 Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.
