TABLE 3.
Associations of clinical characteristics with internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and traumatic problems (univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses)
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | 95% CI | β | P value | B | SE | 95% CI | β | P value | |
| Parent-proxy report internalizing problems | Parent-proxy report internalizing problems | |||||||||
| N = 41 | N = 41 | |||||||||
| Sex, female | 1.57 | 3.28 | −5.07 – 8.21 | 0.08 | 0.635 | |||||
| Age at time of assessment, y | 0.73 | 0.38 | −0.05 – 1.50 | 0.30 | 0.064 | 0.14 | 0.30 | −0.46 – 0.74 | 0.06 | 0.636 |
| Gestational age, wk | −0.02 | 0.37 | −0.77 – 0.74 | −0.01 | 0.964 | |||||
| Duration of hospital stays, mo | −0.12 | 0.25 | −0.63 – 0.40 | −0.27 | 0.651 | |||||
| Number of surgeries | −0.08 | 0.25 | −0.59 – 0.43 | −0.05 | 0.762 | |||||
| Duration of PN-dependency, mo | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.06 – 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.782 | |||||
| PedsQL GI total score | −6.14 | 0.95 | −8.07 – 4.22 | −0.72 | <0.001 | −5.98 | 1.02 | −8.05 – −3.91 | −0.70 | <0.001 |
| Parent-proxy report externalizing problems | Parent-proxy report externalizing problems | |||||||||
| N = 41 | N = 41 | |||||||||
| Sex, female | −1.05 | 3.51 | −8.15 – 6.06 | −0.05 | 0.767 | |||||
| Age at time of assessment, y | −0.71 | 0.41 | −1.54 – 0.12 | −0.27 | 0.090 | −1.09 | 0.44 | −1.98 – −0.20 | −0.40 | 0.018 |
| Gestational age, wk | −0.60 | 0.38 | −1.38 – 0.17 | −0.25 | 0.123 | −0.46 | 0.36 | −1.19 – 0.28 | −0.19 | 0.215 |
| Duration of hospital stays, mo | −0.20 | 0.27 | −0.74 – 0.35 | −0.12 | 0.467 | |||||
| Number of surgeries | −0.33 | 0.26 | −0.86 – 0.21 | −0.20 | 0.224 | |||||
| Duration of PN-dependency, mo | −0.01 | 0.04 | −0.08 – 0.07 | −0.02 | 0.885 | |||||
| PedsQL GI total score | −0.22 | 0.14 | −0.51 – 0.07 | −0.25 | 0.125 | −0.37 | 0.14 | −0.65 – −0.08 | −0.41 | 0.013 |
| Parent-proxy report traumatic problems | Parent-proxy report traumatic problems | |||||||||
| N = 37 | N = 37 | |||||||||
| Sex, female | 0.27 | 0.28 | −0.29 – 0.83 | 0.16 | 0.340 | 0.20 | 0.27 | −0.35 – 0.75 | 0.12 | 0.471 |
| Age at time of assessment, y | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.06 – 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.773 | |||||
| Gestational age, wk | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.04 – 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.423 | |||||
| Duration of hospital stays, mo | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.06 – 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.689 | |||||
| Number of surgeries | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.05 – 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.942 | |||||
| Duration of PN-dependency, mo | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01 – 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.865 | |||||
| PedsQL GI total score | −0.20 | 0.11 | −0.42 – 0.02 | −0.30 | 0.075 | −0.19 | 0.11 | −0.42 – 0.04 | −0.28 | 0.100 |
P values in bold represent significant associations. Example interpretation of multivariable linear analysis: when age remains the same and the parent-reported PedsQL GI total score increases with 10, its parent-reported T-score on internalizing problems in their child decreases with ~6 (5.98) points (ie, better quality of life concerning gastrointestinal complaints and worries is associated with less internalizing problems). 95% CI = 95% confidence interval of unstandardized coefficient; β = standardized coefficient; B = unstandardized coefficient; PedsQL GI = Pediatric Quality of Life inventory – Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module; PN = parenteral nutrition; SE = standard error of unstandardized coefficient.