Table 2.
Baseline aortic waveforms
| Morning | Intermediate | P Value | Cohen’s d Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brachial, mmHg | ||||
| SBP | 132.0 ± 2.3 | 133.4 ± 2.1 | 0.673 | 0.128 |
| DBP | 81.5 ± 1.4 | 79.4 ± 1.8 | 0.386 | 0.276 |
| MAP | 99.9 ± 1.9 | 97.5 ± 1.4 | 0.307 | 0.323 |
| PP | 50.0 ± 1.5 | 53.9 ± 1.6 | 0.087 | 0.529 |
| Central, mmHg | ||||
| SBP | 123.0 ± 2.2 | 122.4 ± 1.9 | 0.846 | 0.059 |
| DBP | 82.5 ± 1.4 | 80.1 ± 1.8 | 0.329 | 0.317 |
| MAP | 96.4 ± 1.7 | 93.5 ± 1.3 | 0.174 | 0.451 |
| PP | 39.9 ± 1.4 | 42.4 ± 1.4 | 0.224 | 0.372 |
| HR, beats/min | 60.8 ± 1.0 | 65.7 ± 1.9 | 0.031 | 0.681 |
| PPA | 1.3 ± 0.01 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 0.428 | 0.242 |
| AP, mmHg | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 12.6 ± 0.9 | 0.943 | 0.022 |
| AIx75, % | 27.1 ± 2.0 | 26.7 ± 1.7 | 0.881 | 0.044 |
| Pf, mmHg | 27.2 ± 1.3 | 28.3 ± 1.2 | 0.522 | 0.195 |
| Pb, mmHg | 17.9 ± 0.6 | 18.1 ± 0.5 | 0.783 | 0.084 |
Values are means ± SE. Sample size and sex distribution between groups for all aortic waveform data include the following: Morn, n = 20 (16 females); and Int, n = 18 (16 females). AP, augmentation pressure; Aix75, augmentation index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; Pb, backward wave reflection; Pf, forward wave reflection; PP, pulse pressure; PPA, pulse pressure amplification; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Independent sample t test was used to identify group differences between morning and intermediate chronotype within a subset analysis. Effect size was calculated via Cohen’s d.