Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Total | Female | Male | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n (%) | 7,552 | 4,845 (64.2) | 2,707 (35.8) | |
| Ages, years, mean (SD) | 50.78 (9.74) | 50.57 (9.60) | 51.15 (9.96) | 0.018 |
| Location | ||||
| Rural, n (%) | 4,043 (53.5) | 2,378 (49.1) | 1,665 (61.5) | <0.001 |
| Urban, n (%) | 3,509 (46.5) | 2,467 (50.9) | 1,042 (38.5) | |
| Education level | ||||
| Low, n (%) | 4,988 (66.2) | 3,142 (65.0) | 1,846 (68.2) | 0.003 |
| Middle, n (%) | 1,480 (19.6) | 1,004 (20.8) | 476 (17.6) | |
| High, n (%) | 1,072 (14.2) | 688 (14.2) | 384 (14.2) | |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Ex -smoker, n (%) | 1,561 (20.7) | 705 (14.6) | 856 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Current, n (%) | 1,045 (13.9) | 446 (9.2) | 599 (22.2) | |
| Never, n (%) | 4,931 (65.4) | 3,685 (76.2) | 1,246 (46.1) | |
| Consumption of alcohol | ||||
| Ex -drinker, n (%) | 1,184 (15.7) | 568 (11.7) | 616 (22.8) | <0.001 |
| Current, n (%) | 2,128 (28.2) | 784 (16.2) | 1,344 (49.6) | |
| Never, n (%) | 4,235 (56.1) | 3,488 (72.1) | 747 (27.6) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2,846 (37.7) | 1,869 (38.6) | 977 (36.1) | 0.037 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 424 (5.6) | 286 (5.9) | 138 (5.1) | 0.162 |
| Ischemic cardiopathy, n (%) | 183 (2.4) | 118 (2.4) | 65 (2.4) | 0.985 |
| Heart failure n (%) | 115 (1.5) | 78 (1.6) | 37 (1.4) | 0.466 |
| Stroke n (%) | 113 (1.5) | 82 (1.7) | 31 (1.1) | 0.076 |
| Other cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 105 (1.4) | 77 (1.6) | 28 (1.0) | 0.061 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD) | 86.3 (11.5) | 85.2 (11.6) | 88.3 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference, mean (SD) | 97.6 (10.1) | 99.3 (10.2) | 94.7 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 26.2 (4.6) | 26.8 (4.9) | 25.2 (4.1) | <0.001 |
SD, standard derivation; p value: analysis of variance (ANOVA) of one factor (continuous variables), and Pearson's chi-square test (categorical variables).