Table 1.
Summary of the phenotypic data obtained
| Trait | Season | Mean ± SD | Min | Max | CV | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Pop | |||||||
| Grain Traits | Ar (mm) | 2016–2017 | 14.61 ± 1.36 | 10.56 | 18.34 | 9.30 | *** | *** |
| 2017–2018 | 17.04 ± 1.53 | 12.65 | 20.37 | 8.95 | ||||
| 2018–2019 | 15.32 ± 1.36 | 12.00 | 18.58 | 8.87 | ||||
| Perim (mm) | 2016–2017 | 20.19 ± 1.13 | 16.15 | 23.03 | 5.61 | *** | *** | |
| 2017–2018 | 20.87 ± 1.16 | 17.70 | 23.52 | 5.54 | ||||
| 2018–2019 | 20.32 ± 1.10 | 17.04 | 22.72 | 5.41 | ||||
| Majell (mm) | 2016–2017 | 6.74 ± 0.43 | 5.20 | 7.77 | 6.33 | ns | *** | |
| 2017–2018 | 6.79 ± 0.43 | 5.46 | 7.87 | 6.36 | ||||
| 2018–2019 | 6.82 ± 0.43 | 5.43 | 7.76 | 6.30 | ||||
| Minell (mm) | 2016–2017 | 2.76 ± 0.16 | 2.31 | 3.17 | 5.71 | *** | ns | |
| 2017–2018 | 3.20 ± 0.16 | 2.73 | 3.58 | 4.86 | ||||
| 2018–2019 | 2.86 ± 0.13 | 2.52 | 3.14 | 4.69 | ||||
| Yield-related Traits | TKW (g) | 2016–2017 | 26.20 ± 3.99 | 14.98 | 39.14 | 15.22 | *** | * |
| 2017–2018 | 40.24 ± 5.01 | 27.03 | 52.03 | 12.46 | ||||
| 2018–2019 | 27.19 ± 3.84 | 16.59 | 37.92 | 14.12 | ||||
| 2019–2020 | 31.92 ± 4.02 | 20.00 | 40.36 | 12.58 | ||||
| GrnSpk | 2017–2018 | 3.17 ± 0.25 | 2.33 | 3.80 | 7.74 | *** | *** | |
| 2018–2019 | 2.92 ± 0.39 | 1.70 | 3.89 | 13.23 | ||||
| 2019–2020 | 3.43 ± 0.22 | 2.83 | 4.06 | 6.30 | ||||
| SplN | 2016–2017 | 19.11 ± 2.04 | 14 | 24 | 10.68 | *** | *** | |
| 2020–2021 | 17.12 ± 2.75 | 10 | 24 | 16.04 | ||||
| SpkLng (mm) | 2016–2017 | 117.03 ± 19.12 | 59 | 168 | 16.34 | *** | *** | |
| 2020–2021 | 99.94 ± 16.57 | 59 | 143 | 16.58 | ||||
| PH (cm) | 2016–2017 | 88.27 ± 11.74 | 53 | 119 | 13.30 | *** | *** | |
| 2018–2019 | 102.84 ± 8.72 | 73 | 125 | 8.48 | ||||
| 2019–2020 | 122.35 ± 11.27 | 85 | 148 | 9.21 | ||||
| 2020–2021 | 96.95 ± 11.75 | 67 | 125 | 12.12 | ||||
| Phenological Traits | DH | 2016–2017 | 171.23 ± 7.01 | 150 | 188 | 4.09 | *** | *** |
| 2017–2018 | 183.77 ± 5.77 | 163 | 197 | 3.14 | ||||
| 2018–2019 | 146.47 ± 6.87 | 112 | 160 | 4.69 | ||||
| 2020–2021 | 169.22 ± 8.71 | 142 | 187 | 5.15 | ||||
| DM | 2016–2017 | 206.86 ± 3.37 | 197 | 216 | 1.63 | *** | ** | |
| 2018–2019 | 180.87 ± 7.63 | 164 | 197 | 4.22 | ||||
| 2020–2021 | 199.55 ± 5.79 | 182 | 214 | 2.90 | ||||
Descriptive statistics, and effect of the season and genetic structure (subpopulations) of the set of landraces in each trait
SD standard deviation; Min minimum; Max maximum; CV coefficient of variation (%); *p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001; ns: non-significant
Ar Area, Perim Perimeter; Majell major ellipse, Minell minor ellipse; TKW Thousand Kernel Weight, GrnSpk grain number per spike, SplN Spiklets per Spike, SpkLng spike length, PH plant height, DH days to heading, DM days to maturity