Table 2.

Descriptive statistics

	CO2	GDP	URB	REN	GOV
Mean	1.2667	2027.247	39.7648	61.0343	0.1862
Median	0.3225	796.922	38.7805	73.2751	0.1855
Minimum	0.0162	102.598	7.2110	0.0589	− 4.6853
Maximum	11.204	22,942.58	88.559	98.3426	5.3472
Std. dev	2.1922	2944.815	17.1879	30.6444	2.094
Kurtosis	9.2734	15.3272	2.6513	2.0954	2.7004
Skewness	2.6211	3.0927	0.3980	− 0.6906	0.3708
Shapiro-Francia W test	0.5844	0.6258	0.9780	0.8785	0.9793
Probability	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
Observations	1128	1128	1128	1128	1128

^***, **, and * represent 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance