Table 2.
Prevalence of drug resistance markers in Colombia.
| Gene | Chr | Position | Mutation | Drug | Freq, % (no./No.) | Freq, % (no./No.) | Freq, % (no./No.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colombia | Chocó | Córdoba | |||||
| pvmdr1 | 10 | 479908 | F1076L | CQ | 4 (2/56) | 20 (2/10) | 0 (0/37) |
| pvmdr1 | 10 | 480207 | Y976F | CQ, AQ + SP | 4 (2/54) | 20 (2/10) | 0 (0/36) |
| pvmdr1 | 10 | CNV | ≥ 2 copies | MQ | 0 (0/22) | 0 (0/7) | 0 (0/15) |
| pvdhfr | 5 | 1077530; 1077532 | F57L/I | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 0 (0/56) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/37) |
| pvdhfr | 5 | 1077533; 1077534; 1077535 | S58R | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 95 (53/56) | 80 (8/10) | 100 (37/37) |
| pvdhfr | 5 | 1077543 | T61M | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 0 (0/56) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/37) |
| pvdhfr | 5 | 1077711 | S117N/T | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 100 (55/55) | 100 (10/10) | 100 (36/36) |
| pvdhfr | … | … | Single mutant | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 5 (3/55) | 20 (2/10) | 0 (0/36) |
| pvdhfr | … | … | Double mutant | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 95 (52/55) | 80 (8/10) | 100 (36/36) |
| pvdhfr | … | … | Triple mutant | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 0 (0/55) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/36) |
| pvdhfr | … | … | Quadruple mutant | Antifolate, AQ + SP | 0 (0/55) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/36) |
| pvdhps | 14 | 1270401 | A553G | Antifolate | 0 (0/56) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/37) |
| pvdhps | 14 | 1270911 | A383G | Antifolate | 71 (40/56) | 100 (10/10) | 65 (24/37) |
Prevalence of drug resistance markers that have been associated with clinical or ex vivo drug resistance in P. vivax. Mutation prevalence was calculated with homozygous calls only. Abbreviations: CNV, copy number variation; AQ, amodiaquine; CQ, chloroquine; MQ, mefloquine; SP, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Gene identifiers; pvmdr1 (PVP01_1010900), pvdhfr (PVP01_0526600), pvdhps (PVP01_1429500).