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. 2023 Oct 20;12(10):2932–2945. doi: 10.21037/tcr-23-1190

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The mechanisms underlying ALP dysregulation in tumor cells. Wnt/β-catenin pathway, BMP pathway, integrin-mediated signaling pathways, and tumor microenvironment lead to increased ALP expression in tumor cells. While MiR-122 is associated with reduced ALP activity. Wnt, Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family; LRP5/6, lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 5/6; FZD, frizzled; DVL, dishevelled; GSK3-β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; BMPR-I/II, BMP receptor I/II; FAK, focal adhesin kinase; TCF, T-cell factor; LEF, lymphoid enhance factor; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.