Table 1.
MR estimates for the association between gut microbiome and PsA.
| Bacterial taxa (exposure) | MR methods | No. of SNP | Beta | SE | OR | 95% CI | p-value | F statistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blautia | IVW | 13 | 0.309 | 0.154 | 1.362 | 1.008–1.842 | 0.044 | 25.6 |
| MR Egger | 13 | 0.306 | 0.406 | 1.358 | 0.613–3.008 | 0.467 | ||
| Weighted median | 13 | 0.373 | 0.211 | 1.452 | 0.96–2.196 | 0.078 | ||
| Weighted mode | 13 | 0.498 | 0.383 | 1.645 | 0.776–3.484 | 0.218 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 13 | 0.318 | 0.157 | 1.375 | 1.011–1.869 | 0.042 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 13 | 0.314 | 0.159 | 1.369 | 1.002–1.87 | 0.049 | ||
| Butyricicoccus | IVW | 8 | −0.39 | 0.218 | 0.677 | 0.442–1.038 | 0.073 | 39.96 |
| MR Egger | 8 | 0.331 | 0.325 | 1.392 | 0.736–2.635 | 0.348 | ||
| Weighted median | 8 | −0.054 | 0.233 | 0.947 | 0.6–1.496 | 0.816 | ||
| Weighted mode | 8 | −0.045 | 0.266 | 0.956 | 0.568–1.61 | 0.87 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 8 | −0.43 | 0.184 | 0.651 | 0.454–0.933 | 0.019 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 8 | −0.306 | 0.202 | 0.736 | 0.495–1.095 | 0.13 | ||
| Christensenellaceae_R-7_group | IVW | 10 | −0.162 | 0.23 | 0.85 | 0.541–1.335 | 0.481 | 21.86 |
| MR Egger | 10 | 0.026 | 0.751 | 1.026 | 0.236–4.47 | 0.973 | ||
| Weighted median | 10 | −0.489 | 0.222 | 0.613 | 0.397–0.948 | 0.028 | ||
| Weighted mode | 10 | −0.531 | 0.296 | 0.588 | 0.329–1.051 | 0.106 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 10 | −0.179 | 0.178 | 0.837 | 0.59–1.187 | 0.317 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 10 | −0.41 | 0.186 | 0.663 | 0.461–0.955 | 0.027 | ||
| Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011 | IVW | 9 | 0.272 | 0.151 | 1.312 | 0.976–1.765 | 0.072 | 24.14 |
| MR Egger | 9 | −0.433 | 0.514 | 0.649 | 0.237–1.775 | 0.427 | ||
| Weighted median | 9 | 0.404 | 0.19 | 1.497 | 1.031–2.174 | 0.034 | ||
| Weighted mode | 9 | 0.435 | 0.332 | 1.544 | 0.805–2.962 | 0.227 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 9 | 0.292 | 0.136 | 1.34 | 1.026–1.749 | 0.032 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 9 | 0.278 | 0.146 | 1.321 | 0.992–1.76 | 0.057 | ||
| Eubacterium_fissicatena_group | IVW | 9 | 0.247 | 0.089 | 1.28 | 1.075–1.524 | 0.006 | 22.39 |
| MR Egger | 9 | −0.43 | 0.463 | 0.65 | 0.262–1.613 | 0.384 | ||
| Weighted median | 9 | 0.212 | 0.125 | 1.237 | 0.968–1.579 | 0.089 | ||
| Weighted mode | 9 | 0.211 | 0.176 | 1.235 | 0.875–1.743 | 0.264 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 9 | 0.257 | 0.093 | 1.293 | 1.077–1.553 | 0.006 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 9 | 0.249 | 0.096 | 1.283 | 1.063–1.55 | 0.01 | ||
| Family_XIII_AD3011_group | IVW | 13 | 0.274 | 0.17 | 1.316 | 0.942–1.837 | 0.107 | 22.83 |
| MR Egger | 13 | −0.543 | 0.802 | 0.581 | 0.121–2.798 | 0.512 | ||
| Weighted median | 13 | 0.247 | 0.202 | 1.28 | 0.862–1.903 | 0.221 | ||
| Weighted mode | 13 | 0.27 | 0.317 | 1.309 | 0.704–2.437 | 0.411 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 13 | 0.291 | 0.141 | 1.338 | 1.016–1.764 | 0.038 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 13 | 0.166 | 0.159 | 1.18 | 0.863–1.613 | 0.299 | ||
| Fusicatenibacter | IVW | 18 | 0.227 | 0.128 | 1.254 | 0.975–1.613 | 0.077 | 23.33 |
| MR Egger | 18 | −0.064 | 0.481 | 0.938 | 0.365–2.41 | 0.896 | ||
| Weighted median | 18 | 0.348 | 0.175 | 1.416 | 1.004–1.997 | 0.047 | ||
| Weighted mode | 18 | 0.528 | 0.321 | 1.696 | 0.903–3.183 | 0.119 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 18 | 0.233 | 0.129 | 1.262 | 0.979–1.626 | 0.072 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 18 | 0.237 | 0.131 | 1.267 | 0.98–1.639 | 0.071 | ||
| Methanobrevibacter | IVW | 6 | 0.27 | 0.109 | 1.31 | 1.059–1.621 | 0.013 | 22 |
| MR Egger | 6 | 0.607 | 0.407 | 1.836 | 0.827–4.075 | 0.21 | ||
| Weighted median | 6 | 0.235 | 0.148 | 1.265 | 0.946–1.693 | 0.113 | ||
| Weighted mode | 6 | 0.229 | 0.165 | 1.257 | 0.91–1.737 | 0.224 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 6 | 0.274 | 0.112 | 1.315 | 1.055–1.639 | 0.015 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 6 | 0.271 | 0.114 | 1.311 | 1.049–1.638 | 0.017 | ||
| Oscillospira | IVW | 8 | −0.223 | 0.189 | 0.8 | 0.552–1.158 | 0.237 | 21.58 |
| MR Egger | 8 | −1.893 | 0.603 | 0.151 | 0.046–0.491 | 0.02 | ||
| Weighted median | 8 | −0.359 | 0.208 | 0.699 | 0.465–1.05 | 0.085 | ||
| Weighted mode | 8 | −0.465 | 0.328 | 0.628 | 0.33–1.194 | 0.199 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 8 | −0.24 | 0.149 | 0.787 | 0.588–1.053 | 0.107 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 8 | −0.274 | 0.163 | 0.76 | 0.552–1.047 | 0.094 | ||
| Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 | IVW | 22 | −0.233 | 0.107 | 0.792 | 0.643–0.977 | 0.029 | 26.96 |
| MR Egger | 22 | −0.316 | 0.287 | 0.729 | 0.416–1.28 | 0.284 | ||
| Weighted median | 22 | −0.167 | 0.152 | 0.846 | 0.628–1.139 | 0.271 | ||
| Weighted mode | 22 | −0.142 | 0.243 | 0.867 | 0.539–1.397 | 0.565 | ||
| Maximum likelihood | 22 | −0.231 | 0.105 | 0.794 | 0.646–0.975 | 0.028 | ||
| cML-MA-BIC | 22 | −0.18 | 0.111 | 0.835 | 0.672–1.039 | 0.106 |
MR, Mendelian randomization; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse variance weighted; ML, maximum likelihood.