Table 3. Overview of the major research studies included in the present review.
| Authors, year | Country | Aim/rationale | Patients | Main conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al., 2021 (22) | Shanghai, China | To assess the value of CT findings in predicting survival of patients with pulmonary B-cell NHL | 84 | Halo sign and pleural involvement are independent prognostic factors for OS |
| Number of lung lesions, cross-lobe sign, and pleural involvement are correlated with PFS | ||||
| Peters et al., 2012 (23) | Kiel, Germany | To prove diagnostic benefit of SWI | 15 | Better differential diagnosis between glioblastomas and lymphomas |
| Radbruch et al., 2013 (8) |
Heidelberg, Germany | To evaluate appearance of ITSS on SWI to differentiate glioblastoma and B-cell PCNSL | 132 | Better differential diagnosis evaluating ITSS of glioblastoma and B-cell PCNSL |
| Kawase et al., 2011 (24) | Kagawa, Japan | To compare uptake of MET and FDG in patients with CNS lymphoma | 13 | No significant difference between T/N ratios using MET-PET and FDG PET |
| Uptake of MET in CNS lymphoma was significantly lower than that of FDG | ||||
| MET PET demonstrated equal sensitivity to FDG PET for primary lesions in CNS lymphoma | ||||
| Puranik et al., 2019 (25) | Mumbai, India | To assess the utility of FET-PET in differentiating between high-grade brain lesions (i.e., high grade gliomas, metastases, PCNSL) | 27 | Good results of FET-PET in differentiating high-grade glial tumors from other high-grade brain lesions when the MRI features are equivocal |
| Schmitz et al., 2016 (26) | Vancouver, Canada | To develop and validate a risk score for relapse in the CNS in patients with DLBCL | 2,164 | CNS-IPI is a highly reproducible tool to estimate the risk of CNS relapse/progression in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP (i.e., rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy |
| Sun et al., 2021 (27) | Zhengzhou, China | To assess quantification of tumor burden in MM patients using whole-body MRI and to find prognostic biomarkers | 95 | Quantitative whole-body functional MRI examination may be used as an effective complement for diagnosis and evaluate tumor burden in MM |
| Ji et al., 2021 (28) | Tianjin, China | To investigate correlation between ADC values from whole-body DWI and water/fat MRI signals from T1-weighted water-fat separation in evaluating bone marrow infiltration in MM | 35 | ADC value combined with water-fat separation parameters could be used for evaluating thoracolumbar bone marrow infiltration in MM |
| All parameters correlated with the proportion of BMPC | ||||
| Shi et al., 2010 (29) | Shanghai, China | To evaluate clinical usefulness of a classification scheme of CES based on symptoms, imaging signs and electrophysiological findings | 39 | Electrophysiological abnormalities and reduced saddle sensation: indices of early diagnosis. Bilateral radiculopathy or sciatica: early stages and indicate a high risk of development of advanced CES |
| Preclinical and early stages have better functional recovery than patients in later stages after surgical decompression | ||||
| Eden et al., 2016 (30) | Birmingham, UK | To evaluate cerebral thrombotic complications associated with L-asparaginase treatment for ALL | 10 | Patients with ALL in treatment with L-asparginase have higher risk of cerebral thrombotic complications |
| Tan et al., 2009 (19) | Baltimore, USA | To describe types of PML in relation to IRIS and the effects of steroid use | 54 | Immune reconstitution following combined antiretroviral therapy may lead to activation of an inflammatory response to detectable or latent JC virus infection |
| Early and prolonged treatment with steroids may be useful | ||||
| Gust et al., 2017 (31) | Washington, USA | To identify risk factors for neurotoxicity in patients in treatment with after CD19 CAR-T cells | 133 | Endothelial dysfunction, increased BBB permeability, high serum concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 within 24 hours of CAR-T cell infusion are present in neurotoxicity |
| Masch et al., 2016 (32) | Michigan, USA | To compare differences in DTI and DSC MR perfusion imaging characteristics of recurrent neoplasm and radiation necrosis in brain tumors previously treated with radiotherapy with or without surgery and chemotherapy | 22 | Combined assessment of DTI and DSC MR perfusion properties of new contrast-enhancing lesions is helpful in distinguishing recurrent neoplasm from radiation necrosis |
CT, computed tomography; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; SWI, susceptibility-weighted imaging; ITSS, intratumoral susceptibility signals; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; MET, 11-C methionine; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; CNS, central nervous system; PET, positron emission tomography; FET, 18-fluoride-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; IPI, international prognostic index; R-CHOP, rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone; MM, multiple myeloma; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; BMPC, bone marrow plasma-cells; CES, cauda equina syndrome; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; PML, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; IRIS, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; JC, John Cunningham; BBB, blood-brain barrier; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; DSC, dynamic susceptibility contrast; MR, magnetic resonance.