. 2023 Sep 22;13(11):7494–7503. doi: 10.21037/qims-23-762

Table 5. Performance of junior dentists and AI in detecting periapical infections.

Detector	True diagnosis	Underdiagnosis	Misdiagnosis	PPV	NPV	Sensitivity	Specificity	F1-score	AUC	Std. error	95% CI		P
Detector	True diagnosis	Underdiagnosis	Misdiagnosis	PPV	NPV	Sensitivity	Specificity	F1-score	AUC	Std. error	Lower	Upper	P
JD1	307	56	137	0.651	0.673	0.962	0.421	0.777	0.773	0.022	0.73	0.816	0.001
JD2	79	126	295	0.312	0.278	0.758	0.404	0.442	0.641	0.022	0.593	0.719	0.001
JD3	294	86	120	0.648	0.546	0.958	0.621	0.773	0.833	0.019	0.796	0.87	0.001
AI	364	67	69	0.861	0.689	0.973	0.629	0.914	0.872	0.017	0.838	0.905	0.001

AI, artificial intelligence; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; JD1, Junior Dentist 1; JD2, Junior Dentist 2; JD3, Junior Dentist 3.