Table 1.

Baseline characteristics across LOC.

	Level 1 (n = 2,830)	Level 1A (n = 3,452)	Level 2 (n = 340)	Level 3 (n = 780)	p-value
Age (median, IQR)	69 (60–78)	71 (61–80)	77 (67–85)	77 (67–85)	<0.0001
Length of stay, days (median, IQR)	13 (7–24)	9 (4–16)	4 (1–10)	6 (2–13.7)	<0.0001
Sex, male, n (%)	1,796 (63.4%)	2,149 (62.3%)	209 (61.5%)	416 (53.3%)	<0.0001
Insurance					<0.0001
Medicare/Medicaid (%)	86.4%	89.1%	92.1%	92.6%
Private (%)	11.8%	9.8%	6.2%	6.2%
Other (%)	1.8%	1.2%	1.5%	1.3%
HTN, n (%)	1,967 (69.5%)	2,143 (62.1%)	175 (51.5%)	578 (74.1%)	<0.0001
CKD, n (%)	938 (33.1%)	959 (27.8%)	87 (25.6%)	237 (30.4%)	<0.0001
HF, n (%)	1,623 (57.3%)	1,801 (52.2%)	134 (39.4%)	438 (56.2%)	<0.0001
CAD, n (%)	1,339 (47.3%)	1,254 (36.3%)	115 (33.8%)	220 (28.2%)	<0.0001
DM2, n (%)	1,218 (43.0%)	1,305 (37.8%)	85 (25.0%)	323 (41.4%)	<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	1,177 (41.6%)	1,189 (34.4%)	106 (31.2%)	310 (39.7%)	<0.0001
VTE, n (%)	64 (2.3%)	39 (1.1%)	2 (0.6%)	6 (0.8%)	0.0003
Anemia, n (%)	1,018 (36.0%)	1,089 (31.5%)	76 (22.4%)	295 (37.8%)	<0.0001
Cardiac arrest at admission, n (%)	78 (2.8%)	165 (4.8%)	45 (13.2%)	94 (12.1%)	<0.0001
Admission type
Emergency room, n (%)	1,304 (46.1%)	2,547 (73.8%)	331 (97.4%)	748 (95.9%)	<.0.0001
Transfer in	1,129 (40%)	583 (17%)	3 (0.9%)	21 (2.7%)	<.0.0001
Other	396 (14.0%)	322 (9.3%)	6 (1.7%)	11 (1.4%)	<0.0001
Shock etiologies
AMI	887 (31.3%)	961 (27.8%)	108 (31.8%)	66 (8.5%)	<0.0001
AHF	971 (34.3%)	1,089 (31.5%)	59 (17.4%)	137 (17.6%)	<0.0001
Other (%)	972 (34.3%)	1,402 (40.6%)	173 (50.9%)	577 (74.0%)	<0.0001
Sepsis (% of “other”)	417 (42.9%)	628 (44.8%)	81 (46.8%)	320 (55.5%)	<0.0001
Pulmonary embolism (% of “other”)	45 (4.6%)	37 (2.6%)	4 (2.3%)	14 (2.4%)	0.0245
Other non-cardiac (% of “other”)	300 (30.9%)	367 (26.2%)	55 (31.8%)	128 (22.2%)	<0.0009

CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM2, diabetes mellitus type 2; HTN, hypertension; VTE, venous thromboembolism.