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. 2023 Oct 31;17:1238528. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1238528

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Copyright © 2023 Liu, Xiao and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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An illustrative schematic diagram showing key neural subtypes involved in mediating the effects of leptin on food intake and energy expenditure. BBB, blood brain barrier; AgRP, agouti-related peptide; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; GABA, gamma aminobutyric acid; SF-1, steroidogenic factor 1; PACAP, pituitary adenyl cyclase activating protein; PrRP, prolactin-releasing peptide; OXT, oxytocin; AVP, vasopressin; NTS, neurotensin; Vglut2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2; DA, dopamine; Brs3, bombesin-like receptor 3; LepR, leptin receptor.