Figure 5.

Schematics illustrating predictive modeling workflow by quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR). After being administered in vivo, LNPs acquire a new biological identity through the formation of a protein corona, which can have a significant impact on their biological response, including biodistribution, toxicity, immune system activation, accumulation at the target site, and interaction with target cell receptors. To predict the biological effects of protein corona formation, QSAR models can be developed to relate LNP properties and protein corona fingerprints to biological outcomes. This can aid in identifying meaningful relationships between the synthetic and biological identities of LNPs and their effects.