Table 1.
Characteristics of the studied population
| AGA (n = 20) | SGA (n = 20) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers | |||
| Age | 33.8 ± 1.2 | 31.9 ± 1.2 | 0.266 |
| Height (cm) | 163.7 ± 1.1 | 160.2 ± 1.3 | 0.051 |
| Weight (Kg)a | 63.1 ± 2.6 | 54.1 ± 1.7 | 0.005 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 0.8 | 21.0 ± 0.5 | 0.016 |
| Ponderal index (Kg/m3) | 14.3 ± 0.5 | 13.1 ± 0.3 | 0.045 |
| Gestational weight gain (Kg) | 15.0 ± 1.3 | 12.3 ± 0.8 | 0.084 |
| Newborns | |||
| Sex (% females) | 50 | 50 | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.8 ± 0.2 | 38.8 ± 0.4 | 0.029 |
| Caesarean section (%) | 5 | 35 | 0.018 |
| Placental weight (g) | 554 ± 13 | 474 ± 10 | < 0.0001 |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Birth length (cm) | 50.0 ± 0.4 | 46.1 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Ponderal index (Kg/m3) | 26.7 ± 0.5 | 24.0 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Endocrine-metabolic variables | |||
| HOMA-IR | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.515 |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 59.6 ± 4.8 | 34.6 ± 2.5 | < 0.0001 |
| HMW-adiponectin (mg/L) | 34.7 ± 2.7 | 36.7 ± 3.2 | 0.645 |
| GLP-1 (pmol/L) | 17.7 ± 2.3 | 27.0 ± 6.7 | 0.150 |
| Body composition (DXA)b | |||
| Fat mass (g) | 617 ± 38 | 482 ± 37 | 0.015 |
| Abdominal fat (g) | 24.8 ± 2.7 | 18.1 ± 2.7 | 0.091 |
| Lean mass (Kg) | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
Results are mean ± sem
aPre-gestational weight
bAssessed at 15 days of life