Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| Term (n = 99) |
Preterm (n = 148) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational at birth (weeks) | 39.2 (1.3) | 28.02 (2.8) | < .001 |
| Postmenstrual age at scan (weeks) | 40.9 (1.3) | 40.1 (2.0) | < .001 |
| Age at scan (weeks) | 1.6 (0.9) | 12.0 (3.3) | < .001 |
| Sex (% male) | 55.6 | 45.4 | .117 |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 34.1 (5.8) | 28.0 (5.6) | < .001 |
| Gravida | 2 [1, 9] | 2 [1, 8] | .058 |
| Primipara (% yes) | 55.6 | 77.2 | .001 |
| Education level (%) | < .001 | ||
| < HS | 6.6 | 9.8 | |
| HS | 12.1 | 32.6 | |
| Some college | 19.8 | 27.2 | |
| College degree | 18.7 | 19.6 | |
| Graduate degree | 42.9 | 10.9 | |
| Employment (%) | .087 | ||
| Professional | 61.5 | 41.3 | |
| Skilled/clerical/sales | 13.2 | 18.5 | |
| Unemployed/homemaker | 25.3 | 40.2 | |
| Race and Ethnicity (%) | < .001 | ||
| American/Alaskan Indian | 2.0 | 1.3 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4.0 | 16.5 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 39.4 | 27.8 | |
| Hispanic | 11.1 | 1.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 40.4 | 53.2 | |
| Other | 3.0 | 0 | |
| APGAR at 1 min | 8 [6, 9] | 4 [0,9] | < .001 |
| APGAR at 5 min | 9 [8, 10] | 7 [0,9] | < .001 |
| NICU care clinical care | |||
| Number of NICU procedures | - | 111 (93.2) | |
| Length of NICU stay (days) | - | 67.7 (34.9) | |
| Opioid pain medication in NICU (%) | - | 79.7 | |
| Fentanyl exposure (%) | - | 54.0 | |
| Morphine exposure (%) | - | 41.6 | |
| Benzodiazepine medication in NICU (%) | - | 27.9 | |
| Dexmedetomidine in NICU (%) | - | 15.0 | |
| Underwent surgery prior to TEA (%) | - | 30.7 | |
| Ventilated in NICU (%) | - | 12.1 | |
| Rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (%) | - | 11.4 | |
| Rates of patent ductus arteriosus (%) | - | 29.2 | |
| Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (%) | - | 21.4 | |
Numerical data presented as mean (sd) or median [range]
Reported p values are from independent t-tests for continuous variables and χ2 for categorical
HS High school, NICU Neonatal intensive care unit