Table 5.

Factors associated with high-risk HPV infection among women attending the screening programme (n = 11,047)

Variables	Multivariable logistic regression
		Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value
Locality
Rural	ref
Urban		1.48 (1.09–2.00)	0.011*
State
Kelantan	ref
Johor		1.72 (0.89–3.30)	0.104
Kedah		omitteda
Negeri Sembilan		1.11 (0.58–2.14)	0.748
Selangor		0.54 (0.29–1.02)	0.058
WPKL & Putrajaya		1.31 (0.69–2.48)	0.415
Age group (years)
20–29		2.57 (1.48–4.46)	0.001*
30–39		1.60 (1.24–2.08)	0.000*
40–49		1.85 (1.42–2.42)	0.000*
50–65	ref
Ethnicity
Malay	ref
Chinese		1.67 (1.30–2.13)	0.000*
Indian		1.92 (1.49–2.48)	0.000*
Others		1.61 (0.98–2.66)	0.062
Education level
Never attended school/Primary		1.36 (0.90–2.04)	0.142
Secondary		1.17 (0.94–1.46)	0.151
Certificate/Tertiary	ref
Occupation
Government employee	ref
Self-employed		1.57 (1.09–2.28)	0.016*
Private employee		1.27 (0.98–1.66)	0.074
Pensioner/Housewife		1.09 (0.82–1.43)	0.557
Income level
<  = RM3999		1.06 (0.74–1.52)	0.739
RM4000-RM7999		1.18 (0.84–1.67)	0.343
>  = RM8000	ref
Pseudo r2
0.04
Mean VIF
1.21
AUC
0.66

OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, RM Malaysian Ringgit, WPKL Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, VIF Variance inflation factor, AUC Area under the curve

^a Multicollinearity with locality

^* p-value < 0.05