Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with 28-day mortality
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Survivors (n = 77) | Nonsurvivors (n = 83) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) |
| Demographics and comorbidities | ||||||
| Age, years | 67 (59.5–75) | 75 (66–79) | .005* | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | .005* | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) |
| Gender (male) | 59 (71.08%) | 52 (62.65%) | .057 | 0.51 (0.26–1.02) | 0.400 | 0.71 (0.32–1.58) |
| Fully vaccinated | 42 (50.60%) | 49 (59.03%) | 0.567 | 1.20 (0.64–2.25) | ||
| Vaccination booster dose | 25 (32.47%) | 35 (42.17%) | 0.206 | 1.52 (0.80–2.89) | ||
| The presence of at least one comorbidity | 60 (72.29%) | 76 (91.57%) | .02* | 3.08 (1.20–7.90) | ||
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 11 (13.25%) | 13 (15.66%) | 0.808 | 1.11 (0.47–2.66) | ||
| CHD | 24 (28.92%) | 29 (34.94%) | 0.613 | 1.19 (0.61–2.30) | ||
| COPD | 13 (15.66%) | 27 (32.53%) | .024* | 2.37 (1.12–5.04) | .012* | 3.05 (1.28–7.30) |
| Diabetes | 24 (28.92%) | 23 (27.71%) | 0.632 | 0.85 (0.43–1.67) | ||
| CKD | 19 (22.89%) | 28 (33.73%) | 0.210 | 1.55 (0.78–3.10) | ||
| Immunosuppression | 15 (18.07%) | 33 (39.76%) | .006* | 2.73 (1.33–5.58) | .002* | 3.70 (1.63–8.40) |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index | 5 (3–7) | 6 (5–7) | .081 | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | ||
| Clinical ICU presenting features | ||||||
| Pre-ICU hospital LOS, days | 3 (1–8) | 4 (1–10) | 0.253 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 | 122 (92–175) | 100 (71–133) | .002* | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | .009* | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) |
| Ongoing IMV | 23 (27.71%) | 27 (32.53%) | 0.717 | 1.13 (0.58–2.21) | ||
| Septic shock | 12 (14.46%) | 32 (38.55%) | .002* | 3.40 (1.59–7.25) | .022* | 2.74 (1.16–6.48) |
| AKI III requiring CRRT | 14 (16.87%) | 12 (14.46%) | 0.524 |
0.76 (0.33–1.77) |
||
| Barotrauma | 6 (7.23%) | 10 (12.05%) | 0.373 | 1.62 (0.56–4.70) | ||
| Venous thromboembolism | 4 (4.82%) | 8 (9.64%) | 0.293 | 1.95 (0.56–6.75) | ||
| Concomitant infection | 23 (27.71%) | 35 (42.17%) | 0.107 | 1.71 (0.89–3.29) | ||
| Treatments at ICU admission | ||||||
| Remdesivir | 40 (49.19%) | 31 (37.35%) | .064 | 0.55 (0.29–1.04) | 0.220 | 0.622 (0.29–1.33) |
| Dexamethasone | 67 (80.72%) | 68 (81.93%) | 0.378 | 0.68 (0.28–1.61) | ||
| IL-6 inhibitors | 14 (16.87%) | 17 (20.48%) | 0.713 | 1.16 (0.53–2.55) | ||
| Insulin | 28 (33.73%) | 33 (39.76%) | 0.659 | 1.16 (0.61–2.19) | ||
| Antibiotics | 46 (55.42%) | 56 (67.47%) | 0.310 | 1.40 (0.73–2.67) | ||
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Barotrauma | 12 (14.46%) | 17 (20.48%) | 0.423 | 1.40 (0.62–3.15) | ||
| ICU-acquired infections | 26 (31.33%) | 36 (43.37%) | 0.214 | 1.50 (0.79–2.85) | ||
p <0.05 was considered significant and marked with “asterisk” (*). AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; CHD, chronic heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HFO, high-flow oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-6, interleukin-6; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; LOS, length of stay; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment