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. 2023 Sep 4;30(11):1543–1553. doi: 10.1038/s41417-023-00658-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Upon arrival, fragments of ovarian cancer samples were fixed and embedded into paraffin blocks, and staining with HE and immunohistochemistry for CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD56+, and PD-L1+ cells were performed. A–C Chart graphs detailing ovarian cancer characteristics on (A) diagnosis, (B) location of resected specimen, and (C) prior cancer therapies. D Expression of PD-L1 percentages levels on cancer cells, immune cells and overall counting in ovarian cancer samples. E Ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell infiltration across study samples. F Baseline maximum counting of CD4+ T cell infiltration across all ovarian cancer tumors in ×400 power field. G Baseline maximum counting of CD8+ T cell infiltration across all ovarian cancer tumors in ×400 power field. H Baseline relative counting of CD56+ infiltrating lymphocyte present in each ovarian cancer samples. I Photos of slides representing lymphocyte infiltration in an ovarian cancer samples. From left to right, HE staining showing in yellow cancer cells (CC) and immune cells (IC) grouping, CD4+ T cells (brown), CD8+ T cells (brown), and CD56+ cells (red arrows) distribution in the same tumor area. IHC photos from HUSOV16 slides were used to exemplify the lymphocyte infiltration pattern. Upper row ×26 magnification (scale bar 200 µm) and lower row ×33 magnification (scale bar 100 µm). Partial data was published as Quixabeira et al, 2022 at ESMO Immuno-Oncology 2022.