Figure 2.

A, B, Schematic representation of feature extraction and selection with conventional radiomics and deep learning. A, With conventional radiomics, nodules are segmented, and expert-defined features are extracted and analyzed by using traditional statistical regression methods. B, With artificial neural networks, automated learning of relevant features through multilayered networks mitigates expert bias, but extraction and analysis are hidden, and only the output (benign or cancer) is known (black box).