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Rat calvarial defects were created by an in vivo surgical method. A, B In the middle of the cranium, create a defect model with a diameter of 8 mm using a trephine bur. C Using HA/β-TCP bone graft material to treat the defect site and then covered with 100 or 300 kGy irradiated BCM (D) [111] (Table 3)
