Table 2.

Characteristics of patients and interventions.

Author/year	Age (experimental/control)	Male (%)	Co-administration regimens	Intervention group	Control group	Exclusion criteria for other risk factors of DILI development	Starting date and duration of intervention (weeks)	Time to follow up (wks)
Adhvaryu et al. (2008)12	35/35	53.74	2IRZE/4IRE – INH (300 mg/day) – RIF (450 mg/day) – PZA (20 mg/kg/day) – EMB (800 mg/day)	Curcumin enriched (25%) and a hydro-ethanolic extract enriched (50%) Tinosporacordifolia 1 g/day twice a day	No treatment	– Patients taking other alternative therapies for tuberculosis – Pregnant females – Heavy alcoholism history – AST, ALT raised > twice upper normal – Sickle cell disease with history of crisis, anemia and jaundice History of gout – Recent drop-outs from other TB due to complications and side effects, – Patients on steroid and/or antimetabolite for other collagen, autoimmune or neoplastic diseases	The same of anti-TB drug, 24	Every 2 week until week 24
Baniasadi et al. (2010)13	74.46/73.41	51.76	IRZE – INH (5 mg/kg/ day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – PZA (25 mg/ kg/day) – EMB (15 mg/kg/day)	600 mg N-Acetylcysteine orally twice a day (1200 mg/day)	No Treatment	– Alcohol consumption – Viral hepatitis, – Abnormal pretreatment liver functions level, chronic disease – Additional hepatotoxic drug use – HIV positive, liver TB, and a moribund state	The same of anti-TB drug, 2	1, 2
Gu et al. (2015)14	37.42/36.16	65.84	2IRZE(S)/4IR – INH (300 mg/day) – RIF: ≥ 50 kg (600 mg/day) – ≤ 50 kg (450 mg/day) – PZA (500 mg 3 times a day) – EMB: ≥ 50 kg(1000 mg/day) – ≤ 50 kg (750 mg/day) – Streptomycin (750 mg/day)	2 capsules of 35 mg Silibinin phospholipid complex 3 times a day (210 mg/day)	No treatment	– Liver diseases (such as alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis, hepatitis B or C virus) – Severe heart, brain, kidney, gastrointestinal diseases and systemic diseases – Positive for HIV antibody – Taking medications that could affect curative effect in the study – Pregnant, lactating	The same of anti-TB drug, 8	2, 4,6,8
Hatamkhani et al. (2014)15	36.9/38.6	75	IRZE – INH (5 mg/kg/day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – EMB (15 mg/kg/day) – PZA (25 mg/kg/day)	10 mL from 500 mg 5 mLof l-carnitine solution orally twice a day (1000 mg/day)	Placebo	– Concomitant administration of known hepatotoxic drugs or herbal products, history of active renal – Liver diseases – Underlying thyroid abnormalities	The same of anti-TB drug, 4	4
Heo et al. (2017)16	57.73/58.53	66.22	2IRZE – No detail of dosing	140 mg Silymarin tablets twice a day (280 mg/day)	Placebo	– Abnormal baseline liver enzyme – Pregnant or lactating	The same of anti-TB drug, 8	2,4,8
Luangchosiri et al. (2015)17	56/51.5	40.0	2IRZE – INH (5 mg/kg/ day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – PZA (25 mg/ kg/day) – EMB (15 mg/kg/day)	140 mg Silymarin tablets 3 times a day (420 mg/day)	Placebo	– Active liver diseases (chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, Wilson’s disease,hemochromatosis, or cirrhosis) – Acquired immune deficiency syndrome – Concurrently taking of herbal medicine – Significant alcohol – Pregnant or lactating women, – Elevated ALT > 2 UNL	The same of anti-TB drug, 8	2,4
Chu et al. (2015)28	40.51/40.21	74.85	2HRZE/4HR – INH (300 mg/day) – RMP: ≥ 50 kg (600 mg/day) – ≤ 50 kg (450 mg/day) – PZA (1500 mg/day) – EMB: ≥ 50 kg (1000 mg/day) – ≤ 50 kg (750 mg/day)	25 mg Bicyclolcapsules 3 times a day(75 mg/day) + 200 mg Glucurolactone tablets 3 times a day (600 mg/day)	Glucurolactone 600 mg/day	– Other liver diseases – Serum creatinine > 1.5 ULN – Use of any drugs that could influence the efficacy of the study – Pregnant, lactating or fertile women	The same of anti-TB drug, 24	2,4,8,12,24
Zhang et al. (2014)34	39.60/44.42 55.37/44.42 55.40/44.42	64.55	2IRZE/4IR – INH (5 mg/kg/ day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – PZA (25 mg/ kg/day) – EMB (15 mg/kg/day)	– HuganPian0.35 g × 4 pieces3 times a day (4.2 g/day) – Glucuronolactone0.1 g × 2 to 4 pieces 3 times a day (0.6–1.2 g/day) – Glutathione injection 1.2 g or 1.8 g/day	Jian’ganle 15 g twice a day (30 g/day)	– Hepatitis or any other liver dysfunction and the history of liver disease – Combination of various hepatinicas at the same time and irrational drug use	The same of anti-TB drug, 24	8
Xiong et al. (2021)33	43.5/45.0 44.5/45.0 45.0/45.0	76.09	2IRZE/4IR – INH (5 mg/kg/ day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – PZA (25 mg/ kg/day) – EMB (15 mg/kg/day)	– The Vitamin A group; vitamin A oral capsule (2000 IU/day) – The Vitamin D group; vitamin D oral capsule (400 IU/day) – The ViataminA and D group; vitamin A oral capsule (2000 IU/day) and an additional vitamin D oral capsule (400 IU/day)	No treatment	– Pregnancy or lactation – Use of corticosteroids, vitamin A or D supplementation, or immunosuppressive drugs – Creatinine concentration higher than 250 mmol/L or AST three times higher than ULN; and history of nephrolithiasis, hyperparathyroidism,organ transplantation – Hepatic cirrhosis or cancer	The same of anti-TB drug, 8	1,2,3,4,8,12,24
Zhang et al. (2016)35	53.69/45.59	74.05	2IRZE – No detail of dosing	200 mg S. Marianum capsule twice a day (400 mg/day)	Vitamin C	– Disorders directly affecting liver function (e.g. acute hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, encephalopathy, or cancer) – Patients taking concomitant hepatotoxic medications; and heavy alcohol intake, abnormal renal function, severe cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renal, or thyroid disease	The same of anti-TB drug, 8	8
Gulati et al. (2010)29	NA	NA	2IRZE/4IR – INH (300 mg/day) – RIF (400 mg/day) – PZA (1500 mg/day) – EMB (800 mg /day)	2 capsules of 500 mg poly-herbal preparation (Livina) twice a day (2000 mg/day)	Placebo	– Abnormal liver function tests – Pregnancy – Presence of Hepatitis B or HIV – Current alcohol use, any other systemic disease, use of corticostreroids, silymarin or other hepatoprotective or immunomodulatory agents	The same of anti-TB drug, 24	4,8
Marjani al.(2016)31	50.1/49.6	53.0	IRZE – INH (5 mg/kg/ day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – PZA (20 mg/ kg/day) – EMB (15 mg/kg/day)	140 mg Silymarin tablets 3 times a day (420 mg/day)	Placebo	– Patients with concomitant HIV, HBV or HCV infection – Preexisting liver disease, abnormal liver function tests (LFT) at the beginning of TB treatment – Pregnant and nursing mothers HIV	The same of anti-TB drug, 2	2
Tabarsi et al. (2014)32	37.25/35.55	50.43	IRZE – No detail of dosing	1000 mg garlic tablets once daily (1000 mg/day)	Placebo	– Patients with positive HIV – Confirmed hepatitis, cirrhosis – Renal failure	The same of anti-TB drug, 2	2,4,8
Hasanain et al. (2017)30	37.5/34.3	43.0	2IRZE/4IR – INH (5 mg/kg/day) – RIF (10 mg/kg/day) – PZA (30 mg/kg/day) – EMB (20 mg/kg/day)	600 IU cholecalciferol once daily (600 IU/day)	No treatment	– Pregnant – Pre‑existing elevated liver chemistry (ALT, AST, and bilirubin),hepatitis virus HCV, HBV – Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection – Evidence of fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis or portal hypertension – Any alcohol intake – Receiving hepatotoxic drugs other than ATT, renal disorder (elevated serum creatinine level), and hemolytic receiving corticosteroids or antimetabolites for any other indication	The same of anti-TB drug, 24	8

*INH Isoniazid, RIF Rifampicin, PZA Pyrazinamide, EMB Ethambutol, wks weeks, anti-TB drug anti-tuberculosis drug.