Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Variable | Train group n = 463 | Test group n = 116 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr), median (IQR) | 69 (65–74) | 69 (63–75) | 0.952 |
| PSA (ng/ml), median (IQR) | 14.9 (8.8–26.5) | 16.8 (9.0–34.5) | 0.407 |
| PSAD (ng/ml/cc), median (IQR) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.598 |
| PI-RADS score | 0.589 | ||
| 1–2 | 23/463 (5.0%) | 4/116 (3.4%) | |
| 3 | 79/463 (17.1%) | 25/116 (21.6%) | |
| 4 | 158/463 (34.1%) | 41/116 (35.3%) | |
| 5 | 203/463 (43.8%) | 46/116 (39.7%) | |
| Lesion location | 0.099 | ||
| TZ | 150/463 (32.4%) | 47/116 (40.5%) | |
| PZ | 313/463 (67.6%) | 69/116 (59.5%) | |
| Lesion size (cm), median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.4 (0.9–2.5) | 0.949 |
| Expert-based ECE | 0.252 | ||
| Present | 142/463 (30.7%) | 42/116 (36.2%) | |
| Absent | 321/463 (69.3%) | 74/116 (63.8%) | |
| Expert-based SVI | 0.404 | ||
| Present | 70/463 (15.1%) | 14/116 (12.1%) | |
| Absent | 393/463 (84.9%) | 102/116 (87.9%) | |
| Expert-based PLNM | 0.718 | ||
| Present | 45/463 (9.7%) | 10/116 (8.6%) | |
| Absent | 418/463 (90.3%) | 106/116 (91.4%) | |
| Biopsy Gleason score | 0.915 | ||
| GS 3+3 | 119/463 (25.7%) | 33/116 (28.4%) | |
| GS 3+4 | 97/463 (21.0%) | 25/116 (21.6%) | |
| GS 4+3 | 120/463 (25.9%) | 29/116 (25.0%) | |
| GS ≥ 4+4 | 127/463 (27.4%) | 29/116 (25.0%) | |
| Percentage of positive cores, median (IQR) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.222 |
| Perineural invasion | 0.187 | ||
| Present | 70/463 (15.1%) | 12/116 (10.3%) | |
| Absent | 393/463 (84.9%) | 104/116 (89.7%) | |
| Surgical Gleason Score | 0.949 | ||
| GS 3+3 | 69/463 (14.9%) | 17/116 (14.7%) | |
| GS 3+4 | 129/463 (27.9%) | 30/116 (25.9%) | |
| GS 4+3 | 141/463 (30.5%) | 35/116 (30.2%) | |
| GS ≥ 4+4 | 124/463 (26.8%) | 34/116 (29.3%) | |
| Pathological ECE | 0.349 | ||
| Present | 116/463 (25.1%) | 34/116 (29.3%) | |
| Absent | 347/463 (74.9%) | 82/116 (70.7%) | |
| Pathological SVI | 0.321 | ||
| Present | 74/463 (16.0%) | 23/116 (19.8%) | |
| Absent | 389/463 (84.0%) | 93/116 (80.2%) | |
| Pathological SM | 0.488 | ||
| Present | 199/463 (43.0%) | 54/116 (46.6%) | |
| Absent | 264/463 (57.0%) | 62/116 (53.4%) | |
| Pathological PLNM | 0.774 | ||
| Present | 41/463 (8.9%) | 10/116 (8.6%) | |
| Absenta | 422/463 (91.1%) | 106/116 (91.4%) | |
Unless indicated otherwise, data are the number of tumours, with percentages in parentheses. The Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used for categoric variables.
PSA prostate serum antigen, PSAD prostate serum antigen density, PI-RADS Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System version 2.1, TZ transition zone, PZ peripheral zone, ECE extracapsular extension, SVI seminal vesicle invasion, PLNM pelvic lymph node metastasis, GS Gleason Score, SM surgical margin, PLND pelvic lymph node dissection, ePLND extended PLND.
a299/579 (51.6%) patients without PLND or ePLND were assumed to have no lymph node involvement by default.