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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2023 May 15;8(11):1113–1123. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.05.002

Figure 1. General and face memory deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative to typically developing (TD) children.

Figure 1.

(A) General memory performance across multiple dimensions (see also Figure S1), as measured by WRAML2, was significantly lower in children with ASD compared to well-matched TD children. Immediate verbal and visual recall, delayed verbal recall, and delayed verbal recognition abilities were weaker in children with ASD, relative to TD children. (B) General memory, assessed by NEPSY-II, was also weaker, with significantly lower performance on delayed design recognition, in children with ASD compared to TD children. (C) Face memory performance after both immediate and delayed intervals, measured by NEPSY-II, was significantly lower in children with ASD. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. WRAML2, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition; NEPSY-II, Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition; *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; (*) p < 0.10.