Summary of findings 2. Clonidine compared to midazolam for postoperative analgesia in children.
| Clonidine compared to midazolam for postoperative analgesia in children | ||||||
| Patient or population: patients with postoperative pain Settings: paediatric surgery Intervention: clonidine Comparison: midazolam | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Midazolam | Clonidine | |||||
| Number requiring additional analgesia at any time postoperatively ‐ low dose clonidine | 800 per 1000 | 200 per 1000 (72 to 568) | RR 0.25 (0.09 to 0.71) | 30 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | |
| Number requiring additional analgesia at any time postoperatively ‐ high dose clonidine | 800 per 1000 | 200 per 1000 (72 to 568) | RR 0.25 (0.09 to 0.71) | 30 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | |
| Haemodynamic or respiratory changes requiring intervention | 371 per 1000 | 204 per 1000 (115 to 360) | RR 0.55 (0.31 to 0.97) | 134 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate3 | |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1 Minimal or no information on methods of randomization, allocation concealment or blinding. 2 Very low patient and event numbers. 3 Missing information on concealment of randomizations.