| High dose clonidine compared to low dose clonidine for postoperative analgesia in children |
|
Patient or population: patients with postoperative pain
Settings: paediatric surgery
Intervention: high dose clonidine
Comparison: low dose clonidine |
| Outcomes |
Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) |
Relative effect
(95% CI) |
No of Participants
(studies) |
Quality of the evidence
(GRADE) |
Comments |
| Assumed risk |
Corresponding risk |
|
Low dose clonidine |
High dose clonidine |
| Number requiring additional analgesia required postoperatively ‐ all studies |
644 per 1000 |
316 per 1000
(142 to 715) |
RR 0.49
(0.22 to 1.11) |
90
(2 studies) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low1,2
|
|
| Number requiring additional analgesia required postoperatively ‐ moderate quality studies |
867 per 1000 |
329 per 1000
(199 to 563) |
RR 0.38
(0.23 to 0.65) |
60
(1 study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low3,4
|
|
| Postoperative pain score |
|
The mean postoperative pain score in the intervention groups was
1.25 standard deviations lower
(1.8 to 0.69 lower) |
|
60
(1 study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low3,4
|
SMD ‐1.25 (‐1.8 to ‐0.69) |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio |
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. |
